IL-18 receptor fusion proteins

ABSTRACT

A polypeptide that functions as an IL-18 receptor is disclosed. The receptor is multimeric and includes at least one AcPL polypeptide, or fragment thereof, and at least one IL-1Rrp1 polypeptide, or fraction thereof. The receptor binds IL-18 and finds use in inhibiting biological activities mediated by IL-18.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/US99/01419, filed Jan. 22, 1999, which designates the United States and claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 60/072,301, filed Jan. 23, 1998, 60/078,835, filed Mar. 20, 1998, and 60/094,469, filed Jul. 28, 1998.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to proteins that are members of the IL-1 receptor family. More particularly, the present invention relates to IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL receptor complexes that mediate high affinity IL-18 binding and activity as well as inhibit IL-18 mediated activity.

2. Description of Related Art

The type I interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1RI) mediates the biological effects of interleukin-1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine (Sims et al., Science 241:585-589, 1988; Curtis et al., Proc. Narl. Acaz Sci. USA 86:3045-3049, 1989). A second interleukin-1 receptor (designated type II IL-1R or IL-1RII) binds IL-1, but does not appear to mediate signal transduction (McMahan et al., EMBO J. 10:2821, 1991; Sims et al., Proc. Natl. Acai Sci. USA 90:6155-6159, 1993). IL-1RI and IL-1RII each bind IL-1α and IL-1β. IL-1 has been implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. There is increasing evidence that IL-1 plays a role in osteoporosis. All of these activities are initiated by the signaling function of the cytoplasmic portion of the Type I IL-1R. EL-1ra inhibits the activities of IL-1 by binding to the type I IL-1 receptor, thereby blocking access to IL-1α and IL-1β while eliciting no biological response of its own.

IL-1RI and IL-1RII belong to a family of proteins that exhibit significant sequence homology. One such protein is IL-1R accessory protein (IL-1R AcP), described in Greenfeder et at. (J. Biol. Chem. 270: 13757-13765, 1995). This protein, by itself, is not capable of binding IL-1, but does form a complex with IL-1RI and IL-1α and IL-1β. When co-expressed with IL-1RI, recombinant IL-1R AcP increases the binding affinity of IL-1RI for IL-1β (Greenfeder et al., supra).

Another protein exhibiting sequence homology to the IL-1RI and IL-1RII family is the IL-1 receptor related protein 1 (IL-1Rrp1)(See Pamet et al. J. Biol Chem 271:3967,1996, and Torigoe et al., J. Biol Chem 272:25737, 1997). Still another such protein is AcPL.

IL-18, is a homologue of IL-1α and IL-1β and is known to activate many of the same responses activated by IL-1. For example, cells stimulated with IL-18 activate NFκB and produce known inflammatory mediators. IL-18 acts as a stimulator of Th1 cell growth and differentiation and is a potent inducer of γ-interferon production from Th1 cells. The Th1 class of helper T cells are known to mediate inflammatory reactions. IL-18 enhances NK cell killing activity and has been implicated in septic shock, liver destruction, inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes.

Recently it was shown that IL-1Rrp1 binds IL-18 and mediates IL-18 signaling in transfected cells. However, the IL-1Rrp1 binding affinity for IL-18 is very low and it is likely that one or more additional receptors or receptor subunits are involved with IL-18 binding and signaling.

Thus, the identification of additional receptors of for IL-18 is desirable. Such receptor proteins can be studied to determine whether or not they bind IL-18 and, if so, whether the receptors play a role in mediating signal transduction. Furthermore, soluble forms of such receptors may be used to inhibit IL-18 activity and ameliorate any inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases attributable to IL-18 signaling. The possible existence of additional affinity-converting subunits for IL-18 can be explored, as well.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides receptor polypeptides designated herein as IL-18 receptor complexes. More particularly, the present invention provides multimeric receptor polypeptides that include an AcPL polypeptide, or fragments thereof, and an IL-1Rrp1 polypeptide, or fragments thereof. The AcPL polypeptide may be covalently linked or noncovalently to the IL-1Rrp1 polypeptide by any suitable means. Such means include via a cross-linking reagent, a polypeptide linker, and associations such as via disulfide bonds or by use of leucine zippers. In one embodiment of the invention, the receptor is a fusion protein produced by recombinant DNA technology. This multimeric receptor of the present invention binds IL-18 with an affinity greater than that of IL-1Rrp1 alone. Disorders mediated by IL-18 may be treated by administering a therapeutically effective amount of this inventive receptor to a patient afflicted with such a disorder.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is based upon the discovery that the coexpression of AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 results in a dramatic enhancement of NFκB activity in cells stimulated with IL-18. Because IL-1Rrp1 alone binds IL-18 only weakly and AcPL does not bind IL-18, the enhancement of NFκB activity by coexpressed AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 indicates that these polypeptides are subunits of an IL-18 receptor complex. In accordance with the present invention novel polypeptides, designated IL-18 receptor complexes, are provided. Advantageously, such dimeric IL-18 receptor complexes comprising IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL, or fragments thereof, are useful for inhibiting IL-18 activity, including the proinflammatory effects of IL-18, and can include IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL as proteins coexpressed in the same cell, or as IL-1Rrp1 linked to an AcPL as receptor subunits. Preferably the subunits are linked via covalent linkages. The subunits may be covalently linked by any suitable means, such as via a cross-linking reagent or a polypeptide linker.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the receptor is a fusion protein produced by recombinant DNA technology. Such fusion proteins can be prepared by transfecting cells with DNA encoding IL-1Rrp1:Fc fusion protein and DNA encoding AcPL:Fc fusion protein and coexpressing the dimers in the same cells.

Alternatively, AcPL/IL-1Rrp1 dimers can be prepared by fusing one of the receptor subunits to the constant region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain and fusing the other receptor subunit to the constant region of an immunoglobulin light chain. For example, an AcPL protein can be fused to the CH₁-hinge-CH₂—CH₃ region of human IgG1 and an IL-1Rrp1 protein can be fused to the C kappa region of the Ig kappa light chain, or vice versa. Cells transfected with DNA encoding the immunoglobulin light chain fusion protein and the immunoglobulin heavy chain fusion protein express heavy chain/light chain heterodimers containing the AcPL fusion protein and the IL-1Rrp1 fusion protein. Via disulfide linkages between the heavy chains, the heterodimers further combine to provide multimers, largely tetramers. Advantageously, in the event homodimers of two heavy or two light chain fusions are expressed, such homodimers can be separated easily from the heterodimers.

In addition to IL-18 receptor protein complexes, the present invention includes isolated DNA encoding heteromer polypeptides, expression vectors containing DNA encoding the heteromer polypeptides, and host cells transformed with such expression vectors. Methods for production of recombinant IL-18 receptor, including soluble forms of the protein, are also disclosed. Antibodies immunoreactive with the novel polypeptide are provided herein as well.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the polypeptide subunits of the heteromer IL-18 receptors include at least one ACPL subunit as described in SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO: 6, and at least one IL-1Rrp1 subunit as described in SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO:8. DNA encoding these polypeptide subunits are presented in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:3 and SEQ ID NO:7, respectively. The AcPL subunit protein encoded by SEQ ID NO:1 includes an extracellular domain of 356 amino acids (residues 1-356 from N- to C-terminus of SEQ ID NO:2) that includes a signal peptide of 14 amino acids (residues 1-14 of SEQ ID NO:2); a transmembrane region of 25 amino acids (residues 357-381) and a cytoplasmic domain of 218 amino acids (residues 382-599). The AcPL subunit protein encoded by SEQ ID NO:5 includes an extracellular domain of 356 amino acids (residues 1-356 of SEQ ID NO:6) that includes a signal peptide of 14 amino acids (residues 1-14 of SEQ ID NO:6), a transmembrane region of 24 amino acids (residues 357-380) and a cytoplasmic domain of amino acid residues 381-614. The IL-1Rrp1 subunit protein encoded by SEQ ID NO:3 includes an extracellular domain of 329 amino acids (residues 1-329 of SEQ ID NO:4) that includes a signal peptide of 19 amino acids (residues 1-19 of SEQ ID NO:4); a transmembrane region of 21 amino acids (residues 330 to 350 of SEQ ID NO:4); and, a cytoplasmic domain from amino acid residues 351 to 541. The IL-1Rrp1 subunit protein encoded by SEQ ID NO:7 includes an extracellular domain of 322 amino acids (residues 1-322 of SEQ ID NO:8) that includes a signal peptide of 18 amino acids (residues 1-18 of SEQ ID NO:8); a transmembrane region of 25 amino acids (residues 323 to 347 of SEQ ID NO:8); and, a cytoplasmic domain from amino acid residues 348 to 537. Additionally, IL-1Rrp1 is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,776,731 and AcPL is described in copending applications Ser. No. 60/078,835 and Ser. No. 60/072,301, incorporated herein by reference.

Preferably the polypeptide subunits of the dimeric IL-18 receptors are soluble fragments of IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL polypeptides which together form heteromer complexes having the desired activity. Such polypeptides include those lacking all or part of the transmembrane region and the cytoplasmic domain of the protein. Thus, for example, a heteromer receptor complex of the present invention can include at least one subunit that is the extracellular domain of SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:6 and at least one subunit that is the extracellular domain of SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO:8. These soluble extracellular domains of AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 can include or exclude their signal peptide. Thus, in another embodiment, a heteromeric IL-18 receptor includes amino acid residues 1-356 or residues 15-356 of SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:6, and amino acid residues 1-329 or residues 20-329 of SEQ ID NO:4, or amino acid residues 1-325 or residues 19-322 of SEQ ID NO:8. The desirability of including the signal sequence depends on such factors as the position of the AcPL or IL-1Rrp1 in the fusion protein and the intended host cells when the receptor is to be produced via recombinant DNA technology. In preferred embodiments, a DNA construct encoding one of the soluble AcPL or soluble IL-1Rrp1 fragments is fused to a DNA construct encoding the constant region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain and a DNA construct encoding the other of the soluble AcPL or soluble IL-1Rrp1 fragment is fused to DNA encoding the constant region of an immunoglobulin light chain.

Alternatively, the IL-18 receptor may comprise IL-1Rrp1 or soluble IL-1Rrp1 fragments non-covalently complexed with AcPL or soluble AcPL fragments. Non-covalent bonding of IL-1Rrp1 to AcPL may be achieved by any suitable means that does not interfere with the receptor's ability to bind IL-18. In one approach, a first compound is attached to IL-1Rrp1 and a second compound that will non-covalently bond to the first compound is attached to AcPL. Examples of such compounds are biotin and avidin. The receptor is thus formed through the non-covalent interactions of biotin with avidin. In one embodiment of the invention, IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL are recombinant polypeptides, each purified from recombinant cells and then non-covalently bonded together to form the receptor. A host cell may be transformed with two different expression vectors such that both IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL are produced by the recombinant host cell. IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL produced by such transformed host cells may associate to form a complex through non-covalent interactions. When such transformed cells express the membrane-bound forms of the proteins, such cells are useful in various assays, including competition assays.

The binding assay described in example 1 compares the binding of IL-18 by supernatant from cells transfected with IL-1Rrp1 alone, AcPL alone and a combination of IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL. Supernatants from cells coexpressing IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL exhibited high levels of IL-18 binding; supernatants from cells expressing IL-1Rrp1 alone exhibited low levels of IL-18 binding; and, supernatant from cells transfected with AcPL alone do not bind IL-18. The NFκB induction assay described in example 2 demonstrates that cells transfected with IL-1Rrp1 alone and cells transfected with AcPL alone are not responsive to IL-18 stimulation. However, cells co-transfected with both IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL and stimulated with IL-18 greatly enhanced NFκB induction.

As used herein, the terms IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL include variants and truncated forms of the native proteins that possess the desired biological activity. Variants produced by adding, substituting, or deleting amino acid(s) in the native sequence are discussed in more detail below.

As described above, soluble IL-1Rrp1 and soluble AcPL polypeptides are preferred for certain applications. “Soluble IL-1Rrp1” as used in the context of the present invention refers to polypeptides that are substantially similar in amino acid sequence to all or part of the extracellular region of a native IL-1Rrp1 polypeptide and that, due to the lack of a transmembrane region that would cause retention of the polypeptide on a cell membrane, are secreted upon expression. Suitable soluble IL-1Rrp1 polypeptides retain the desired biological activity. Soluble IL-1Rrp1 may also include part of the transmembrane region or part of the cytoplasmic domain or other sequences, provided that the soluble IL-1Rrp1 protein is capable of being secreted

Likewise, the term “soluble AcPL” as used herein refers to proteins that are substantially similar in amino acid sequence to all or part of the extracellular region of a native AcPL polypeptide and are secreted upon expression but retain the desired biological activity. Soluble AcPL may include part of the transmembrane region, cytoplasmic domain, or other sequences, as long as the polypeptide is secreted.

In one embodiment, soluble IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL polypeptides include the entire extracellular domain. To effect secretion, the soluble polypeptides comprise the native signal peptide or a heterologous signal peptide. Thus, examples of soluble IL-1Rrp1 polypeptides comprise amino acids 1-329 of SEQ ID NO:4 (human IL-1Rrp1) and amino acids 1-322 of SEQ ID NO:8 (murine IL-1Rrp1). Examples of soluble AcPL polypeptides comprise amino acids 1-356 of SEQ ID NO:2 (human AcPL) and amino acids 1-356 of SEQ ID NO:6 (murine AcPL).

A soluble fusion protein comprising the extracellular domain of IL-1Rrp1 of SEQ ID NO:4 fused to an antibody Fc region polypeptide and the extracellular domain of AcPL fused to an Fc region polypeptide, is described in example 1.

Soluble AcPL and soluble IL-1Rrp1 may be identified (and distinguished from their non-soluble membrane-bound counterparts) by separating intact cells which express the desired protein from the culture medium, e.g., by centrifugation, and assaying the medium (supernatant) for the presence of the desired protein. The culture medium may be assayed using procedures which are similar or identical to those described in the examples below. The presence of AcPL or IL-1Rrp1 in the medium indicates that the protein was secreted from the cells and thus is a soluble form of the desired protein. Soluble AcPL and soluble IL-1Rrp1 may be naturally-occurring forms of these proteins. Alternatively, soluble fragments of AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 proteins may be produced by recombinant DNA technology or otherwise isolated, as described below.

The use of soluble forms of IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL is advantageous for certain applications. Purification of the proteins from recombinant host cells is facilitated, since the soluble proteins are secreted from the cells. Further, a receptor of the present invention comprising soluble IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL proteins is generally more suitable for intravenous administration.

With respect to the foregoing discussion of signal peptides and the various domains of the IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL proteins, the skilled artisan will recognize that the above-described boundaries of such regions of the proteins are approximate. For example, although computer programs that predict the site of cleavage of a signal peptide are available, cleavage can occur at sites other than those predicted. Further, it is recognized that a protein preparation can comprise a mixture of protein molecules having different N-terminal amino acids, due to cleavage of the signal peptide at more than one site. Thus, soluble IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL polypeptides comprising the extracellular domain include those having a C-terminal amino acid that may vary from that identified above as the C-terminus of the extracellular domain. Further, post-translational processing that can vary according to the particular expression system employed may yield proteins having differing N-termini. Such variants that retain the desired biological activities are encompassed by the terms “IL-1Rrp1 polypeptides” and “AcPL polypeptides” as used herein.

Truncated IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL, including soluble polypeptides, may be prepared by any of a number of conventional techniques. In the case of recombinant proteins, a DNA fragment encoding a desired fragment may be subcloned into an expression vector. Alternatively, a desired DNA sequence may be chemically synthesized using known techniques. DNA fragments also may be produced by restriction endonuclease digestion of a full length cloned DNA sequence, and isolated by electrophoresis on agarose gels. Linkers containing restriction endonuclease cleavage site(s) may be employed to insert the desired DNA fragment into an expression vector, or the fragment may be digested at cleavage sites naturally present therein. Oligonucleotides that reconstruct the N- or C-terminus of a DNA fragment to a desired point may be synthesized. The oligonucleotide may contain a restriction endonuclease cleavage site upstream of the desired coding sequence and position an initiation codon (ATG) at the N-terminus of the coding sequence.

The well known polymerase chain reaction procedure also may be employed to isolate a DNA sequence encoding a desired protein fragment. Oligonucleotide primers comprising the desired termini of the fragment are employed in such a polymerase chain reaction. Any suitable PCR procedure may be employed. One such procedure is described in Saiki et at., Science 239:487 (1988). Another is described in Recombinant DNA Metizodology, Wu et al., eds., Academic Press Inc., San Diego (1989), pp. 189-196. In general, PCR reactions involve combining the 5′ and 3′ oligonucleotide primers with template DNA (in this case, IL-1Rrp1 or AcPL DNA) and each of the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates, in a suitable buffered solution. The solution is heated, (e.g, from 95° C. to 100° C.) to denature the double-stranded DNA template and is then cooled before addition of a DNA polymerase enzyme. Multiple cycles of the reactions are carried out in order to amplify the desired DNA fragment.

The AcPL polypeptide is attached to the IL-1Rrp1 polypeptide through a c6valent or noncovalent linkage. Covalent attachment is preferred for certain applications, e.g. in vivo use, in view of the enhanced stability generally conferred by covalent, as oppposed to nonovalent, bonds. In constructing the receptor of the present invention, covalent linkage may be accomplished via cross-linking reagents, peptide linkers, or any other suitable technique.

Numerous reagents useful for cross-linking one protein molecule to another are known. Heterobifunctional and homobifunctional linkers are available for this purpose from Pierce Chemical Company. Rockford, Ill., for example. Such linkers contain two functional groups (e.g., esters and/or maleimides) that will react with certain functional groups on amino acid side chains, thus linking one polypeptide to another.

One type of peptide linker that may be employed in the present invention separates AcPL and the IL-1Rrp1 domains by a distance sufficient to ensure that each domain properly folds into the secondary and tertiary structures necessary for the desired biological activity. The linker also should allow the extracellular domains of AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 to assume the proper spatial orientation to form the binding site for IL-18.

Suitable peptide linkers are known in the art, and may be employed according to conventional techniques. Among the suitable peptide linkers are those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,751,180 and 4,935,233, which are hereby incorporated by reference. A peptide linker may be attached to by any of the conventional procedures used to attach one polypeptide to another. The cross-linking reagents available from Pierce Chemical Company as described above are among those that may be employed. Amino acids having side chains reactive with such reagents may be included in the peptide linker, e.g., at the termini thereof. Preferably, a fusion protein comprising AcPL joined to IL-1Rrp1 via a peptide linker is prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

In one embodiment of the invention, AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 are linked via polypeptides derived from immunoglobulins. Preparation of fusion proteins comprising heterologous polypeptides fused to various portions of antibody-derived polypeptides (including the Fc domain) has been described, e.g., by Ashkenazi et al. (PNAS USA 88:10535, 1991) and Bym et al. (Nature 344:677, 1990). As one example, a polypeptide derived from the Fc region of an antibody may be attached to the C-terminus of IL-1Rrp1. A separate Fc polypeptide is attached to the C-terminus of AcPL. Disulfide bonds form between the two Fc polypeptides (e.g., in the so-called hinge region, where interchain disulfide bonds are normally present in antibody molecules), producing a heterodimer comprising the AcPL/Fc fusion protein linked to the IL-1Rrp1/Fc fusion protein. Advantageously, host cells are co-transfected with two different expression vectors, one encoding soluble IL-1Rrp1/Fc and the other encoding soluble AcPL/Fc. The heterodimer is believed to form intracellularly or during secretion.

The term “Fc polypeptide” as used herein includes native and mutein forms, as well as truncated Fc polypeptides containing the hinge region that promotes dimerization. cDNA encoding a single chain polypeptide derived from the Fc region of a human IgG1 antibody can be cloned into the pBluescript SK® cloning vector (Stratagene Cloning Systems, LaJolla, Calif.) to produce a recombinant vector designated hIgG1Fc. A unique BglII site is positioned near the 5′ end of the inserted Fc encoding sequence. An SpeI site is immediately downstream of the stop codon. The Fc polypeptide encoded by the cDNA extends from the N-terminal hinge region to the native C-terminus, i.e., is an essentially full-length antibody Fc region. One suitable mutein of this Fc polypeptide is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/097,827, hereby incorporated by reference. The mutein exhibits reduced affinity for Fc receptors.

Homodimers comprising two IL-1Rrp1/Fc polypeptides or two AcP/Fc polypeptides linked via disulfide bonds are also produced by certain of the transfected host cells disclosed herein. The homodimers may be separated from each other and from the heterodimer by virtue of differences in size (e.g., by gel electrophoresis). The heterodimer also may be purified by sequential immunoaffinity chromatography (described below).

Il-18 receptor complexes of the present invention include fusion proteins of the constant region of an antibody light chain (or fragment thereof) and the constant region of an antibody heavy chain (or a fragment thereof). The constant region of the heavy chain can include all four of its constant region domains or portion of the domains, including the CH₁ which associates with the light chain, the H hinge region, and the CH₂ and CH₃ domains which are responsible for the dimerization of the heavy chain molecules. Within the scope of the foregoing fusion proteins are tetramers that are formed by two dimers which link heavy chain/light chain dimers via disulfide linkages between their respective heavy chain regions.

With respect to immunoglobulin light chain polypeptides, polypeptides of the κ family and the λ family are suitable in the practice of this invention. Thus, any type of immunoglobulin dimer s or tetramer including IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA and IgE can be the basis of the heteromer molecules of the present invention.

In accordance with the present invention, functional heteromeric polypeptides can be prepared by the association between multiple heavy and multiple light chain molecules which normally associate with one another. For example, the constant region of human IgG1 will associate with the constant region of human light chain κ (designated Cκ). The amino acid sequence of hIgG1 constant region has been reported (Ellison, J W, Berson, B J and Hood, L E 1982) The nucleotide sequence of a human immunoglobulin C gamma 1 gene is reported. (Nuc. Acids Res. 10: 4071 and Walls, M A, Hsiao, K C and Harris, L J 1993). Vectors for the expression of PCR-amplified immunoglobulin variable domains with human constant regions are disclosed. (Nuc. Acids Res. 21:2921) The sequence of human light chain cκ has also been reported (Shuford, W, Raff, H V, Finley, J W, Esselstyn, J and Harris, L J. 1991) Effect of light chain V-region duplication on IgG oligomerization and in vivo efficacy. Science 252:724 and Steinberger, P, Kraft, D and Valenta, R (1996). Construction of a combinatorial IgE library from an allergic patient. Isolation and characterization of human IgE Fabs with specificity for the major timothy grass pollen allergen, Ph1 p 5. J. Biol. Chem., 271:10972).

IL-18 receptor embodiments that include heavy and light chain antibody regions are fusion proteins represented by the formulae:

R₁-L₁:R₂-L₂ or R₂-L₂:R₁-L₁ or R₁-L₂:R₂-L₁ or R₂-L₁:R₁-L₂

R₁-L₁:R₂-L₂/R₂-L₂:R₁-L₁ or R₁-L₂:R₂-L₁/R₂-L₁:R₁-L₂

in which L₁ is an immunoglobulin heavy chain fragment, the N terminus of which extends at least through the CH_(H) region; L₂ is an immunoglobulin light chain fragment; R₁ is AcPL or an AcPL fragment; R₂ is IL-1Rrp1 or an IL-1Rrp1 fragment; : designates linkages between a heavy chain and light chain antibody region, and / designates linkages between a heavy chain and a heavy chain antibody region. In the case of a dimer, the resulting fusion polypeptide includes two receptor subunits joined by a heavy chain/light chain. In the case of the tetramer, the fusion protein includes four receptor subunits and resembles an antibody in structure, displaying the IL-18 binding site bivalently.

To obtain the foregoing fusion polypeptides, cDNA encoding an antibody heavy chain polypeptide derived from human IgG1 antibody (CH₁—H—CH₂—CH₃) can be cloned into the pDC409 expression vector to produce a recombinant vector designated hIgG1. A unique BglII site is positioned near the 5′ end of the inserted heavy chain encoding sequence. A NotI site is immediately downstream of the stop codon. The heavy chain polypeptide, encoded by the cDNA extends from the N-terminus of the CH₁ region to the native C-terminus. To obtain an antibody light chain CDNA encoding a single chain polypeptide derived from the human kappa chain constant regions can be cloned in the pDC409 expression vector to produce a recombinant vector designated hIgκ. This sequence is flanked at the 5′ end by a unique BglII site and at the 3′ end by a unique NotI site. Embodiments of the present invention that incorporate such antibody polypeptides include a first fusion polypeptide comprising AcPL (or a fragment thereof) upstream of the constant region of an antibody light chain (or a fragment thereof) and a second fusion polypeptide comprising IL-1Rrp1 upstream of the constant region of an antibody heavy chain (or a heavy chain fragment), the N-terminus of which extends at least through the C_(H)1 region. Disulfide bond(s) form between the AcPL light chain fusion polypeptide and the IL-1Rrp1-heavy chain fusion polypeptide, thus producing a receptor of the present invention. As a further alternative, an IL-1Rrp1-antibody light chain fusion polypeptide is prepared and combined with (disulfide bonded to) a fusion polypeptide comprising AcPL-antibody heavy chain fusion polypeptide. When two of the foregoing disulfide bonded molecules are combined, additional disulfide bonds form between the two antibody regions. The resulting receptor of the present invention comprising four fusion polypeptides resembles an antibody in structure and displays the IL-18 binding site bivalently.

The AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 polypeptides may be separately purified from cellular sources, and then linked together. Alternatively, the receptor of the present invention may be produced using recombinant DNA technology. The AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 polypeptides may be produced separately and purified from transformed host cells for subsequent covalent linkage. In one embodiment of the present invention, a host cell is transformed/transfected with foreign DNA that encodes AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 as separate polypeptides. The two polypeptides may be encoded by the same expression vector with start and stop codons for each of the two genes, or the recombinant cells may be co-transfected with two separate expression vectors. In another embodiment, the receptor is produced as a fusion protein in recombinant cells.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the receptor protein is a recombinant fusion protein of the formula:

R₁-L-R₂ or R₂-L-R₁

wherein R₁ represents AcPL or an AcPL fragment; R₂ represents IL-1Rrp1 or an IL-1Rrp1 fragment; and L represents a peptide linker.

The fusion proteins of the present invention include constructs in which the C-terminal portion of AcPL is fused to the linker which is fused to the N-terminal portion of IL-1Rrp1, and also constructs in which the C-terminal portion of IL-1Rrp1 is fused to the linker which is fused to the N-terminal portion of AcPL. AcPL is covalently linked to IL-1Rrp1 in such a manner as to produce a single protein which retains the desired biological activities of AcPL and IL-1Rrp1. The components of the fusion protein are listed in their order of occurrence (i.e., the N-terminal polypeptide is listed first, followed by the linker and then the C-terminal polypeptide).

A DNA sequence encoding a fusion protein is constructed using recombinant DNA techniques to insert separate DNA fragments encoding AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 into an appropriate expression vector. The 3′ end of a DNA fragment encoding AcPL is ligated (via the linker) to the 5′ end of the DNA fragment encoding IL-1Rrp1 with the reading frames of the sequences in phase to permit translation of the mRNA into a single biologically active fusion protein. Alternatively, the 3′ end of a DNA fragment encoding IL-1Rrp1 may be ligated (via the linker) to the 5′ end of the DNA fragment encoding AcPL, with the reading frames of the sequences in phase to permit translation of the mRNA into a single biologically active fusion protein. A DNA sequence encoding an N-terminal signal sequence may be retained on the DNA sequence encoding the N-terminal polypeptide, while stop codons, which would prevent read-through to the second (C-terminal) DNA sequence, are eliminated. Conversely, a stop codon required to end translation is retained on the second DNA sequence. DNA encoding a signal sequence is preferably removed from the DNA sequence encoding the C-terminal polypeptide.

A DNA sequence encoding a desired polypeptide linker may be inserted between, and in the same reading frame as, the DNA sequences encoding AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 using any suitable conventional technique. For example, a chemically synthesized oligonucleotide encoding the linker and containing appropriate restriction endonuclease cleavage sites may be ligated between the sequences encoding AcPL and IL-1Rrp1.

Alternatively, a chemically synthesized DNA sequence may contain a sequence complementary to the 3′ terminus (without the stop codon) of either AcPL and IL-1Rrp1, followed by a linker-encoding sequence which is followed by a sequence complementary to the 5′ terminus of the other of AcPL and IL-1Rrp1. Oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis is then employed to insert the linker-encoding sequence into a vector containing a direct fusion of AcPL and IL-1Rrp1.

The present invention provides isolated DNA sequences encoding the above-described fusion proteins comprising AcPL, IL-1Rrp1, and a peptide linker. DNA encoding AcPL polypeptides disclosed herein is also provided, as is DNA encoding AcPL polypeptides fused to immunoglobulin-derived polypeptides. AcPL-encoding DNA encompassed by the present invention includes, for example, cDNA, chemically synthesized DNA, DNA isolated by PCR, genomic DNA, and combinations thereof.

Also provided herein are recombinant expression vectors containing the isolated DNA sequences. “Expression vector” refers to a replicable DNA construct used to express DNA which encodes the desired protein and which includes a transcriptional unit comprising an assembly of (1) genetic element(s) having a regulatory role in gene expression, for example, promoters, operators, or enhancers, operatively linked to (2) a DNA sequence encoding a desired protein which is transcribed into mRNA and translated into protein, and (3) appropriate transcription and translation initiation and termination sequences. The choice of promoter and other regulatory elements generally varies according to the intended host cell.

In the expression vectors, regulatory elements controlling transcription or translation are generally derived from manmmalian, microbial, viral or insect genes. The ability to replicate in a host, usually conferred by an origin of replication, and a selection gene to facilitate recognition of transformants may additionally be incorporated. Vectors derived from retrovirses also may be employed.

DNA regions are operably linked when they are functionally related to each other. For example, DNA encoding a signal peptide (secretory leader) is operably linked to DNA for a polypeptide if the polypeptide is expressed as a precursor that is secreted through the host cell membrane; a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if it controls the transcription of the sequence; and a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to permit translation. Generally, “operably linked” means contiguous and, in the case of secretory leaders, contiguous and in reading frame.

Transformed host cells are cells which have been transformed or transfected with foreign DNA using recombinant DNA techniques. In the context of the present invention, the foreign DNA includes a sequence encoding the inventive proteins. Host cells may be transformed for purposes of cloning or amplifying the foreign DNA, or may be transformed with an expression vector for production of the protein. Suitable host cells include prokaryotes, yeast or higher eukaryotic cells. Appropriate cloning and expression vectors for use with bacterial, fungal, yeast, and mammalian cellular hosts are described by Pouwels et al. (Cloning Vectors: A Laboratory Manual, Elsevier, N.Y., 1985), the relevant disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Prokaryotes include gram negative or gram positive organisms, for example E. coli or bacilli. Prokaryotic expression vectors generally comprise one or more phenotypic selectable markers, for example a gene encoding proteins conferring antibiotic resistance or supplying an autotrophic requirement, and an origin of replication recognized by the host to ensure amplification within the host. Examples of suitable prokaryotic hosts for transformation include E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, and various species within the genera Pseudomoizas, Streptomyces, and Staphylococcus, although others may also be employed as a matter of choice.

Useful expression vectors for bacterial use can comprise a selectable marker and bacterial origin of replication derived from commercially available plasmids comprising genetic elements of the well-known cloning vector pBR322 (ATCC 37017). Such commercial vectors include, for example, pKK223-3 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Uppsala, Sweden) and pGEM1 (Promega Biotec, Madison, Wis., USA). These pBR322 “backbone” sections are combined with an appropriate promoter and the structural sequence to be expressed. E. coli is typically transformed using derivatives of pBR322, a plasmid derived from an E. coli species (Bolivar et al., Gene 2:95, 1977). pBR322 contains genes for ampicillin and tetracycline resistance and this provides simple means for identifying transformed cells.

Promoters commonly used in recombinant microbial expression vectors include the β-lactamase (penicillinase) and lactose promoter system (Chang et al., Nature 275:615, 1978; and Goeddel et al., Nature 281:544, 1979), the tryptophan (trp) promoter system (Goeddel et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 8:4057, 1980; and EPA 36,776) and tac promoter (Maniatis, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, p. 412, 1982). A particularly useful bacterial expression system employs the phage λ P_(L) promoter and cI857ts thermoinducible repressor. Plasinid vectors available from the American Type Culture Collection which incorporate derivatives of the λ P_(L) promoter include plasmid pHUB2, resident in E. coli strain JMB9 (ATCC 37092) and pPLc28, resident in E. coli RR1 (ATCC 53082).

The recombinant receptor protein may also be expressed in yeast hosts, preferably from Saccharomyces species, such as S. cerevisiae. Yeast of other genera such as Piciiia or Kluyveromyces may also be employed. Yeast vectors will generally contain an origin of replication from the 2 μm yeast plasmid or an autonomously replicating sequence (ARS), a promoter, DNA encoding the receptor fusion protein, sequences for polyadenylation and transcription termination and a selection gene. Preferably, yeast vectors will include an origin of replication and selectable markers permitting transformation of both yeast and E. coli, e.g., the ampicillin resistance gene of E. coli and the S. cerevisiae trp1 gene, which provides a selection marker for a mutant strain of yeast lacking the ability to grow in tryptophan, and a promoter derived from a highly expressed yeast gene to induce transcription of a structural sequence downstream. The presence of the trp1 lesion in the yeast host cell genome then provides an effective environment for detecting transformation by growth in the absence of tryptophan.

Suitable promoter sequences in yeast vectors include the promoters for metallothionein, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (Hitzeman et al., J. Biol. Chem. 255:2073, 1980) or other glycolytic enzymes (Hess et al., J. Adv. Enzyme Reg. 7:149, 1968; and Holland et al., Biochem. 17:4900, 1978), such as enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, pyruvate decarboxylase, phosphofructokinase, glucose-4-phosphate isomerase, 3-phosphoglycerate mutase, pyruvate kinase, triosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucose isomerase and glucokinase. Suitable vectors and promoters for use in yeast expression are further described in R. Hitzeman et al., EPA 73,657.

Preferred yeast vectors can be assembled using DNA sequences from pBR322 for selection and replication in E. coli (Amp^(r) gene and origin of replication) and yeast DNA sequences including a glucose-repressible ADH2 promoter and α-factor secretion leader. The ADH2 promoter has been described by Russell et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 258:2674, 1982) and Beier et al., (Nature 300:724, 1982). The yeast α-factor leader, which directs secretion of heterologous proteins, can be inserted between the promoter and the structural gene to be expressed. See, e.g., Kudjan et al., Cell 30:922, 1982; and Bitter et al., Proc. Natl. Acd. Sci. USA 81:5330, 1984. The leader sequence may be modified to contain, near its 3′ end, one or more useful restriction sites to facilitate fusion of the leader sequence to foreign genes.

Suitable yeast transformation protocols are known to those of skill in the art. An exemplary technique is described by Hinnen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:1929, (1978), selecting for Trp⁺ transformants in a selective medium consisting of 0.67% yeast nitrogen base, 0.5% casamino acids, 2% glucose, 10 μg/ml adenine and 20 μg/ml uracil.

Host strains transformed by vectors comprising the ADH2 promoter may be grown for expression in a rich medium consisting of 1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, and 1% glucose supplemented with 80 μg/ml adenine and 80 μg/ml uracil. Derepression of the ADH2 promoter occurs upon exhaustion of medium glucose. Crude yeast supernatants are harvested by filtration and held at 4° C. prior to further purification.

Various mammalian or insect cell culture systems can be employed to express recombinant protein. Baculovirus systems for production of heterologous proteins in insect cells are reviewed by Luckow and Summers, Bio/Techitology 6:47 (1988). Examples of suitable mammalian host cell lines include L cells, C127, 3T3, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), HeLa, and BHK cell lines. Additional suitable mammalian host cells include CV-1 cells (ATCC CCL70) and COS-7 cells (ATCC CRL 1651; described by Gluzman, Cell 23:175, 1981), both derived from monkey kidney. Another monkey kidney cell line, CV-1/EBNA (ATCC CRL 10478), was derived by transfection of the CV-1 cell line with a gene encoding Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) and with a vector containing CMV regulatory sequences (McMahan et al., EMBO J. 10:2821, 1991). The EBNA-1 gene allows for episomal replication of expression vectors, such as HAV-EO or pDC406, that contain the EBV origin of replication.

Mammalian expression vectors may comprise non-transcribed elements such as an origin of replication, a suitable promoter and enhancer linked to the gene to be expressed, and other 5′ or 3′ flanking nontranscribed sequences, and 5′ or 3′ nontranslated sequences, such as necessary ribosome binding sites, a poly-adenylation site, splice donor and acceptor sites, and transcriptional termination sequences. The transcriptional and translational control sequences in expression vectors to be used in transforming vertebrate cells may be provided by viral sources. For example, commonly used promoters and enhancers are derived from Polyoma, Adenovirus 2, Simian Virus 40 (SV40), and human cytomegalovirus. DNA sequences derived from the SV40 viral genome, for example, SV40 origin, early and late promoter, enhancer, splice, and polyadenylation sites may be used to provide the other genetic elements required for expression of a heterologous DNA sequence. The early and late promoters are particularly useful because both are obtained easily from the virus as a fragment which also contains the SV40 viral origin or replication (Fiers et al., Nature 273:113, 1978). Smaller or larger SV40 fragments may also be used, provided the approximately 250 bp sequence extending from the Hind III site toward the BglI site located in the viral orgin of replication is included.

Exemplary vectors can be constructed as disclosed by Okayama and Berg (Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:280, 1983). One useful system for stable high level expression of mammalian receptor cDNAs in C127 murine mammary epithelial cells can be constructed substantially as described by Cosman et al. (Mol. Immunol. 23:935, 1986). Vectors derived from retroviruses also may be employed.

When secretion of the AcPL and/or IL-1Rrp1 protein from the host cell is desired, the expression vector may comprise DNA encoding a signal or leader peptide. In place of the native signal sequence, a heterologous signal sequence may be added, such as the signal sequence for interleukin-7 (IL-7) described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,965,195; the signal sequence for interleukin-2 receptor described in Cosman et al., Nature 312:768 (1984); the interleukin-4 signal peptide described in EP 367,566; the type I interleukin-1 receptor signal peptide described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,968,607; and the type II interleukin-1 receptor signal peptide described in EP 460,846.

The present invention provides a process for preparing the recombinant proteins of the present invention, comprising culturing a host cell transformed with an expression vector comprising a DNA sequence that encodes said protein under conditions that promote expression. The desired protein is then purified from culture media or cell extracts. The desired protein may be AcPL, IL-1Rrp1 or the heterodimeric receptor, for example. Cell-free translation systems could also be employed to produce the desired protein using RNA derived from the novel DNA of the present invention.

As one example, supernatants from expression systems that secrete recombinant protein into the culture medium can be first concentrated using a commercially available protein concentration filter, for example, an Amicon or Millipore Pellicon ultrafiltration unit. Following the concentration step, the concentrate can be applied to a suitable purification matrix. For example, a suitable affinity matrix can comprise IL-18. An IL-18 affinity matrix may be prepared by coupling recombinant human IL-18 to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose (Pharmacia) or Hydrazide Affigel (Biorad), according to manufacturer's recommendations. Sequential immunopurification using antibodies bound to a suitable support is preferred. Proteins binding to an antibody specific for AcPL are recovered and contacted with antibody specific for IL-1Rrp1 on an insoluble support. Proteins immunoreactive with both antibodies may thus be identified and isolated.

Alternatively, an anion exchange resin can be employed, for example, a matrix or substrate having pendant diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) groups. The matrices can be acrylamide, agarose, dextran, cellulose or other types commonly employed in protein purification. Alternatively, a cation exchange step can be employed. Suitable cation exchangers include various insoluble matrices comprising sulfopropyl or carboxymethyl groups. Sulfopropyl groups are preferred. One or more reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HEPLC) steps employing hydrophobic RP-HPLC media, e.g. silica gel having pendant methyl or other aliphatic groups, can be employed to further purify a fusion protein.

Some or all of the foregoing purification steps, in various combinations, can be employed to provide an essentially homogeneous recombinant protein. Recombinant cell culture enables the production of the fusion protein free of those contaminating proteins which may be normally associated with IL-1Rrp1 or AcPL as they are found in nature in their respective species of origin, e.g., on the surface of certain cell types.

The foregoing purification procedures are among those that may be employed to purify non-recombinant receptors of the present invention as well. When linking procedures that may produce homodimers (IL-1Rrp1-linker-IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL-linker-AcPL) are employed, purification procedures that separate the heterodimer from such homodimers are employed. An example of such a procedure is sequential immunopurification as discussed above. In one embodiment, AcPL (recombinant or non-recombinant) is purified such that no bands corresponding to other (contaminating) proteins are detectable by SDS-PAGE.

Recombinant protein produced in bacterial culture is usually isolated by initial extraction from cell pellets, followed by one or more concentration, salting-out, aqueous ion exchange or size exclusion chromatography steps. Finally, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be employed for final purification steps. Microbial cells employed in expression of recombinant fusion proteins can disrupted by any convenient method, including freeze-thaw cycling, sonication, mechanical disruption, or use of cell lysing agents.

Fermentation of yeast which express fusion proteins as a secreted protein greatly simplifies purification. Secreted recombinant protein resulting from a large-scale fermentation can be purified by methods analogous to those disclosed by Urdal et al. (J. Chromatog. 296:171, 1984), involving two sequential, reversed-phase HPLC steps for purification of a recombinant protein on a preparative HPLC column.

The DNA or amino acid sequences of IL-1Rrp1 or AcPL may vary from those: presented in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5 and SEQ ID NO:7. Due to the known degeneracy of the genetic code, there can be considerable variation in nucleotide sequences encoding the same amino acid sequence. In addition, DNA sequences capable of hybridizing to the native DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:5 or SEQ ID NO:7 under moderately stringent or highly stringent conditions, and which encode a biologically active IL-1Rrp1 or AcPL polypeptide, are also considered to be IL-1Rrp1-encoding or AcPL-encoding DNA sequences, in the context of the present invention. Such hybridizing sequences include but are not limited to variant sequences such as those described below, and DNA derived from other mammalian species.

Moderately stringent conditions include conditions described in, for example, Sambrook et al, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp 1.101-104, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989. Conditions of moderate stringency, as defined by Sambrook et al., include use of a prewashing solution of 5×SSC, 0.5% SDS, 1.0 mM EDTA (pH 8.0) and hybridization conditions of about 55° C., 5×SSC, overnight. Highly stringent conditions include higher temperatures of hybridization and washing. The skilled artisan will recognize that the temperature and wash solution salt concentration may be adjusted as necessary according to factors such as the length of the probe., wherein said conditions include hybridization at 68° C. followed by washing in 0.1×SSC/0.1% SDS at 63-68° C. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a heterodimeric receptor comprising AcPL and IL-1Rrp1, wherein the AcPL and the EL-1Rrp1 are encoded by DNA that hybridizes to the DNA of SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:5, or SEQ ID NO:3 or SEQ ID NO:7, respectively; under moderately or highly stringent conditions.

Further, certain mutations in a nucleotide sequence which encodes AcPL or IL-1Rrp1 will not be expressed in the final protein product. For example, nucleotide substitutions may be made to enhance expression, primarily to avoid secondary structure loops in the transcribed mRNA (see EP 75,444A). Other alterations of the nucleotide sequence may be made to provide codons that are more readily translated by the selected host, e.g., the well-known E. coli preference codons for E. coli expression.

The amino acid sequence of native IL-1Rrp1 or AcPL may be varied by substituting, deleting, adding, or inserting one or more amino acids to produce a IL-1Rrp1 or AcPL variant. Variants that possess the desired biological activity of the native IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL proteins may be employed in the receptor of the present invention. Assays by which the biological activity of variant proteins may be analyzed are described in the examples below. Biologically active IL-1Rrp1 polypeptides are capable of binding IL-18. The desired biological activity of the AcPL polypeptides disclosed herein is the ability to enhance the binding of IL-18 when AcPL is joined to IL-1Rrp1, compared to the level of IL-18 binding to IL-1Rrp1 alone.

Alterations to the native amino acid sequence may be accomplished by any of a number of known techniques. For example, mutations can be introduced at particular loci by synthesizing oligonucleotides containing a mutant sequence, flanked by restriction sites enabling ligation to fragments of the native sequence. Following ligation, the resulting reconstructed sequence encodes an analog having the desired amino acid insertion, substitution, or deletion.

Alternatively, oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis procedures can be employed to provide an altered gene having particular codons altered according to the substitution, deletion, or insertion required. Exemplary methods of making the alterations set forth above are disclosed by Walder et al. (Gene 42:133, 1986); Bauer et al. (Gene 37:73, 1985); Craig (BioTechniques, January 1985, 12-19); Smith et al. (Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods, Plenum Press, 1981); U.S. Pat. No. 4,518,584, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,737,462, which are incorporated by reference herein.

Bioequivalent variants of AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 may be constructed by, for example, making various substitutions of amino acid residues or deleting terminal or internal amino acids not needed for biological activity. In one embodiment of the invention, the variant amino acid sequence is at least 80% identical, preferably at least 90% identical, to the native sequence. Percent similarity may be determined, for example, by comparing sequence information using the GAP computer program, version 6.0, available from the University of Wisconsin Genetics Computer Group (UWGCG). The GAP program utilizes the alignment method of Needleman and Wunsch (J. Mol. Biol. 48:443, 1970), as revised by Smith and Waterman (Adv. Appl. Math. 2:482, 1981). Briefly, the GAP program defines similarity as the number of aligned symbols (i.e., nucleotides or amino acids) which are similar, divided by the total number of symbols in the shorter of the two sequences. The preferred default parameters for the GAP program include: (1) a unary comparison matrix (containing a value of 1 for identities and 0 for non-identities) for nucleotides, and the weighted comparison matrix of Gribskov and Burgess, Nucl. Acids Res. 14:6745, 1986, as described by Schwartz and Dayhoff, eds., Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, National Biomedical Research Foundation, pp. 353-358, 1979; (2) a penalty of 3.0 for each gap and an additional 0.10 penalty for each symbol in each gap; and (3) no penalty for end gaps.

Generally, substitutions should be made conservatively; i.e., the most preferred substitute amino acids are those having physiochemical characteristics resembling those of the residue to be replaced. Examples of conservative substitutions include substitution of one aliphatic residue for another, such as Ile, Val, Leu, or Ala for one another, or substitutions of one polar residue for another, such as between Lys and Arg; Glu and Asp; or Gln and Asn. Other such conservative substitutions, for example, substitutions of entire regions having similar hydrophobicity characteristics, are well known.

Cysteine residues can be deleted or replaced with other amino acids to prevent formation of unnecessary or incorrect intramolecular disulfide bridges upon renaturation. Hydrophilic amino acids may be substituted for hydrophobic amino acids in the transmembrane region and/or intracellular domain of IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL to enhance water solubility of the proteins.

Adjacent dibasic amino acid residues may be modified to enhance expression in yeast systems in which KEX2 protease activity is present. EP 212,914 discloses the use of site-specific mutagenesis to inactivate KEX2 protease processing sites in a protein. KEX2 protease processing sites are inactivated by deleting, adding or substituting residues to alter Arg-Arg, Arg-Lys, and Lys-Arg pairs to eliminate the occurrence of these adjacent basic residues. These amino acid pairs, which constitute KEX2 proteases processing sites, are found at residues 98-99, 323-333, 333-334, 472473 and 475-476 of the AcPL protein of SEQ ID NO:2. These KEX2 sites are found at positions 113-114, 314-315, 364-365, 437-438, and 465-466 of the IL-1Rrp1 protein of SEQ ID NO:4. Lys-Lys pairings are considerably less susceptible to KEX2 cleavage, and conversion of Arg-Lys or Lys-Arg to Lys-Lys -represents a conservative and preferred approach to inactivating KEX2 sites.

The present invention also includes proteins with or without associated native- pattern glycosylation. Expression of DNAs encoding the fusion proteins in bacteria such as E. coli provides non-glycosylated molecules. Functional mutant analogs having inactivated N-glycosylation sites can be produced by oligonucleotide synthesis and ligation or by site-specific mutagenesis techniques. These analog proteins can be produced in a homogeneous, reduced-carbohydrate form in good yield using yeast expression systems. N-glycosylation sites in eukaryotic proteins are characterized by the amino acid triplet Asn-A₁-Z, where A1 is any amino acid except Pro, and Z is Ser or Thr. In this sequence, asparagine provides a side chain amino group for covalent attachment of carbohydrate.

The AcPL amino acid sequence in SEQ ID NO:2 contains 4 such N-glycosylation sites, all found in the extracellular domain, at amino acids 21-23, 119-121, 152-254 and 345-347. The extracellular domain of IL-1Rrp1 comprises N-glycosylation sites at positions 91-93, 102-104, 150-153, 168-170, 197-199, 203-205, 236-238, and 297-299 SEQ ID NO:4. Such a site can be eliminated by substituting another amino acid for Asn or for residue Z, deleting Asn or Z, or inserting a non-Z amino acid between A₁ and Z, or an amino acid other than Asn between Asn and A₁. Known procedures for inactivating N-glycosylation sites in proteins include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,071,972 and EP 276,846.

Variants of the receptor proteins of the present invention also include various structural forms of the primary protein which retain biological activity. Due to the presence of ionizable amino and carboxyl groups, for example, a receptor protein may be in the form of acidic or basic salts, or may be in neutral form. Individual amino acid residues may also be modified by oxidation or reduction.

The primary amino acid structure also may be modified by forming covalent or aggregative conjugates with other chemical moieties, such as glycosyl groups, lipids, phosphate, acetyl groups and the like. Covalent derivatives are prepared by linking particular functional groups to amino acid side chains or at the N- or C-termini. Other derivatives of the receptor protein within the scope of this invention include covalent or aggregative conjugates of the receptor protein with other proteins or polypeptides, such as by synthesis in recombinant culture as N- or C-terminal fusions. For example, the conjugated polypeptide may be a signal (or leader) polypeptide sequence at the N-terminal region of the protein which co-translationally or post-translationally directs transfer of the protein from its site of synthesis to its site of function inside or outside of the cell membrane or wall (e.g., the yeast α-factor leader).

Peptides may be fused to the desired protein (e.g., via recombinant DNA techniques) to facilitate purification or identification. Examples include poly-His or the Flag® peptide (Hopp et al., Bio/Technology 6:1204, 1988, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,011,912). The Flag® peptide is highly antigenic and provides an epitope reversibly bound by a specific monoclonal antibody, enabling rapid assay and facile purification of expressed recombinant protein. Expression systems useful for fusing the Flag® octapeptide to the N- or C-terminus of a given protein are available from Eastman Kodak Co., Scientific Imaging Systems Division, New Haven, Conn., as are monoclonal antibodies that bind the octapeptide.

Dimer IL-18 receptor complexes that include naturally occurring variants of IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL are also encompassed by the present invention. Examples of such variants are proteins that result from alternative mRNA splicing events or from proteolytic cleavage of the AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 protein, wherein the desired biological activity is retained. Alternative splicing of mRNA may yield a truncated but biologically active AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 protein, such as a naturally occurring soluble form of the protein. Variations attributable to proteolysis include, for example, differences in the N-or C-termini upon expression in different types of host cells, due to proteolytic removal of one or more terminal amino acids from the AcPL or IL-1Rrp1 protein (generally from 1-5 terminal amino acids).

The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a receptor protein of the present invention with a physiologically acceptable carrier or dituent. Such carriers and diluents will be nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed. Such compositions may, for example, comprise the receptor protein in a buffered solution, to which may be added antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, low molecular weight (less than about ten residues) polypeptides, proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates including glucose, sucrose or dextrins, chelating agents such as EDTA, glutathione and other stabilizers and excipients. The receptor of the present invention may be administered by any suitable method in a manner appropriate to the indication, such as intravenous injection, local administration, continuous infusion, sustained release from implants, etc.

Heterodimeric receptors of the present invention are useful as an IL-18 binding reagent. This receptor, which preferably comprises soluble AcPL and soluble IL-1Rrp1, has applications both in vitro and in vivo. The receptors may be employed in in vitro assays, e.g., in studies of the mechanism of transduction of the biological signal that is initiated by binding of IL-18 to this receptor on a cell. Such receptors also could be used to inhibit a biological activity of IL-18 in various in vitro assays or in vivo procedures. In one embodiment of the invention, the inventive receptor is administered to bind IL-18, thus inhibiting binding of the IL-18 to endogenous cell surface receptors. Biological activity mediated by such binding of IL-18 to the cells thus is also inhibited.

IL-1Rrp1 alone binds IL-18, but with relatively low affinity (Torigoe et al. J. Biol. Chem 272:2573, 1997). Receptors of the present invention, produced by cells co-transfected with AcPL and IL-1Rrp1-encoding DNA, for example, bind IL-18 with high affinity. Such receptors of the present invention may be employed when inhibition of an IL-18-mediated activity is desired. In addition, use of the receptors of the present invention in vitro assays offers the advantage of allowing one to determine that the assay results are attributable to binding of IL-18.

In one embodiment of the invention, a heterodimeric receptor comprising AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 is administered in vivo to inhibit a biological activity of IL-18. IL-18 is known to mediate NFκB activity and acts as a stimulator of Th1 cell growth and differentiation, and is a potent inducer of γ-interferon production from Th1 cells. IL-18 also enhances NK cell killing activity and has been implicated in septic shock, liver destruction, and diabetes. When these or other biological effects of IL-18 are undesirable, a receptor of the present invention may be administered to bind IL-18 and ameliorate the effects of IL-18 activity.

The inventive receptor may be administered to a patient in a therapeutically effective amount to treat a disorder mediated by IL-18. A disorder is said to be mediated by IL-18 when IL-18 causes (directly or indirectly) or exacerbates the disorder. Soluble receptor proteins can be used to competitively bind to IL-18, thereby inhibiting binding of IL-18 to endogenous cell surface receptors. Heterodimeric receptors comprising AcPL linked to IL-1Rrp1 also find use in assays for biological activity of IL-18 proteins, which biological activity is measured in terms of binding affinity for the receptor. To illustrate, the receptor may be employed in a binding assay to measure the biological activity of an IL-18 fragment, variant, or mutein. The receptor is useful for determining whether biological activity of IL-18 is retained after modification of an IL-18 protein (e.g., chemical modification, mutation, etc.). The binding affinity of the modified IL-18 protein for the receptor is compared to that of an unmodified IL-18 protein to detect any adverse impact of the modification on biological activity. Biological activity thus can be assessed before the modified protein is used in a research study or assay, for example.

The heterodimeric receptors also find use as reagents that may be employed by those conducting “quality assurance” studies, e.g., to monitor shelf life and stability of IL-18 proteins under different conditions. The receptors may be used to confirm biological activity (in terms of binding affinity for the receptor) in IL-18 proteins that have been stored at different temperatures, for different periods of time, or which have been produced in different types of recombinant expression systems, for example.

The following examples are provided to illustrate certain embodiments of the invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLES Example 1

In Vitro Precipitation Experiments

In order to determine whether AcPL, IL-1Rrp1 or combinations of the two polypeptides bind IL-18, several Fc fusion proteins were prepared and tested as follows. An expression vector encoding a soluble AcPL/Fc fusion protein, which comprised a truncated extracellular domain of AcPL fused to the N-terminus of an Fc region polypeptide derived from an antibody, was constructed as follows. A recombinant expression vector comprising AcPL DNA in vector pDC304, was PCR amplified utilizing primers containing the desired in-frame restriction sites on the 5′ and 3′ ends. The resulting fragment, which includes the 5′ end of the AcPL DNA, terminating at nucleotide 1551 of SEQ ID NO:1, with introduced Sall and BglII sites at the 5′ and 3′ ends, respectively, was isolated, by conventional techniques.

A recombinant vector designated pDC412-hIgG1Fc comprises the Fc polypeptide-encoding cDNA (—H—CH₂—CH₂ only). Vector pDC412-hIg1Fc was digested with the restriction enzymes SalI and BglII, which cleave in the polylinker region of the vector, upstream of the Fc polypeptide-encoding cDNA.

The AcPL-encoding DNA fragment isolated above was ligated into a SalI/BglII-digested pDC412-hIgG1Fc such that the Fc polypeptide DNA was fused to the 3′ end of the AcPL DNA. The resulting expression vector encoded a fusion protein comprising amino acids 1-356 of the AcPL sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, followed by the H—CH₂—CH₃ region of hIgG1Fc.

An expression vector encoding a soluble human IL-1Rrp1/Fc fusion protein was constructed as follows. A recombinant vector that includes IL-1Rrp1 cDNA was PCR amplified with gene-specific primers containing the desired restriction sites. The resulting fragment, which includes the 5′ end of IL-1Rrp1 was isolated by conventional techniques. This IL-1Rrp1 fragment, digested with Asp718 and BglII, was combined with the hIgG1Fc fragment described above and digested with BglII and NotI. The resulting digest fragments were ligated to pDC304 digested with Asp718 and Not I. The resulting IL-1Rrp 1/Fc fusion protein encoded by the recombinant vector comprises (from N- to C-terminus) amino acids 1-329 of SEQ ID NO:4, followed by the H—CH₂—CH₃ region of hIgG1/Fc.

In one sample set, COS-7 cells were transfected with a pDC206 control or pDC206-IL-18 vector. In another sample set of transfected COS-7 cells, the Fc fusion vectors described above were transfected. The total sample set was as follows:

Sample Cells transfected with vector(s) encoding: A empty pDC206 expression vector (control) B pDC206hIL-18 1 pDC409 (control) 2 IL-IRrp1/Fc 3 AcPL/Fc 4 AcPL/Fc and IL-1Rrp1/Fc

Two days post transfection, samples A and B were starved 1 hour in cys/met-free medium, then labeled with [³⁵S-cys][³⁵S-met]-containing medium for 6 hours. Supernatants were removed, subjected to centrifugation, and adjusted to 0.4M NaCl/1.0% Triton X-100 in the presence of protease inhibitors. The supernatants from cells transfected with the Fc fusion proteins of Samples 1-4 were removed at 2 days post transfection and centrifuged. Each Fc fusion supernatant was combined with either a) vector-transfected: or, b) IL-18 transfected ³⁵S-labeled supernatants. Purified IL-1Rrp1/Fc-receptor protein was added to another portion of the radiolabeled supernatant as a control. Protein G-Sepharose was added to each experimental sample and precipitations were carried out overnight at 4° C. Then the samples were washed extensively in a 0.4M NaCl, 0.05% SDS, 1.0% NP-40 buffer and separated by electrophoresis in a 4-20% Tris-Glycine gel. The gel was fixed, amplified, dried and exposed to film. In order to assess total levels of protein and take into account unlabeled Fc-fusion proteins, a portion of each precipitate was analyzed on a separate 4-20% Tris-Glycine gel and silver stained.

Supernatants from cell samples 1-4 did not noticeably precipitate any proteins in the 10-30 Kd range from the control supernatant (Sample A). IL-18 (Sample B) was precipitated by supernatant from cell sample 2 (IL-1Rrp1Fc) but not by supernatant from cell sample 1 (control) or cell sample 3 (AcPL/Fc). Significantly more IL-18 was precipitated by supernatant from all sample 4 that was obtained from the cotransfection of IL-1Rrp1/Fc and AcPL/Fc.

Thus, IL-1Rrp1 is able to bind IL-18; AcPL is not able to bind IL-18; and, coexpressed IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL are able to bind II-18 and the coexpressed proteins exhibit higher levels of binding of IL-18 than IL-1Rrp1 alone. The silver stained gel shows that there is no more Il-1Rrp1 in supernatants transfected with Il-1Rrp1 and AcPL as compared to supernatants transfected with IL-1Rrp1 alone. This rules out the possibility that there is more IL-1Rrp1 expressed in these samples. The results indicate that the IL-18 binding affinity of an IL-1Rrp1/AcPL dimer is greater than the affinity of IL-1Rrp1 alone.

Example 2

Induction of NFKκB Activity

In order to determine the roles of IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL in IL-18 signaling, AcPL, IL-1Rrp1, and a combination of IL-1Rrp1 and AcPL were overexpressed in COS cells and S49.1 cells and the effect of IL-18 stimulation on NFκB activation was assessed.

COS-7 cells were transfected by the DEAE/Dextran method in a 12-well format. Each well was transfected with a total of 200 ng of the appropriate expression vector(s) and 800 ng of a NFκB-Luc reporter plasmid, which contains 3 NFκB sites mediating luciferase expression. Approximately 10⁷ S49.1 cells were transfected by electroporation in 0.7 mL with 40 μg of the NFκB-Luc reporter plasmid, and a total of 20 μg of the appropriate expression vector(s). Electroporations were performed at 960 μF and 320V.

The cells were incubated for 2 days, and then stimulated with 40 ng/mL of IL-18 (purchased from PeproTech) for 4 hours. Cells were washed, lysed, and assayed for luciferase activity using Luciferase Assay Reagents (purchased from Promega Corp.) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

COS7 or S49.1 cells that were transfected with control vector alone, vector encoding mIL-1Rrp1 alone, or vector encoding mAcPL alone were not responsive to mIL-18 stimulation. Furthermore, S49.1 cells transfected with mAcPL were not responsive to mIL-18 signaling when the transfection was in combination with an expression vector encoding mIL-1R type I or mIL-1RAcP. However, cells cotransfected with mAcPL and mIL-1Rrp1 and stimulated with mIL-18 showed an increase in NFκB DNA binding activity that was 10 fold in COS cells and 300 fold in S49.1 cells. COS7 cells transfected with hIL-1Rrp1 displayed no response to hIL-18 stimulation, while COS7 cells transfected with hAcPL alone and stimulated with hIL-18 showed an 8 fold increase in NFκB activity. This is attributed to the association of hAcPL with monkey IL-1Rrp1 endogenous to COS7 cells. Overexpression of hIL-1Rrp1 with hAcPL did not augment the stimulation of NFκB activity in response to hIL-18 over that seen in cells overexpressing hAcPL alone. This dramatic enhancement of NFκB activity indicates that AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 are subunits of the IL-18 receptor and cooperate to induce NFκB signaling in response to IL-18 stimulation.

Example 3

Preparing AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 Antibody Heavy and Light Chain Fusion Proteins

The following describes preparing fusion proteins that include AcPL and IL-1Rrp1 fused to an antibody heavy chain and antibody light chain polypeptide.

First, an expression vector encoding the entire constant region of human IgG1 with a linker region upstream is constructed. Such an expression vector facilitates the creation of fusion protein-encoding plasmids. PCR techniques are utilized to amplify the above mentioned IgG1 constant region with primers containing an upstream BglII site and a downstream NotI site. The resulting PCR generated fragment is digested, purified, and ligated to pDC412 which is digested with BglII and NotI. The pDC412-hIgG1 expression vector is then digested with SalI and BglII.

Next an expression vector containing the Igκ constant domain preceded by a linker region and followed by a linker region and poly-His domain is prepared. The poly-His domain advantageously aids in the protein purification process. PCR techniques are utilized to amplify the constant region with primers containing a BglII-NotI fragment. The resulting PCR generated fragment is digested, purified, and ligated to pDC412. Soluble receptors of interest can be cloned upstream by utilizing the unique Sall and BglII sites.

To prepare an IL-1Rrp1-Cκ expression vector, the extracellular domain of IL-1Rrp1 is PCR amplified using primers containing Sall (5′) and BglII (3′) restriction sites. This purified and digested PCR product is ligated to SalI/BglII digested the pDC412-Ig κ expression vector to create an in-frame construct that encodes a fusion protein linking the soluble portion of IL-1Rrp1 to the constant region of Cκ.

To prepare an IL-1Rrp1-hIgG1 expression vector the SalI/BglII restriction fragment encoding soluble IL-1Rrp1 is removed from IL-1Rrp1-Cκ and ligated to pDC412-hIgG1 which has been digested with the same restriction enzymes. Since both vectors contain the BglII site in the same reading frame, this will readily generate a fusion between soluble IL-1Rrp1 and hIgG1.

To prepare an AcPL-Cκ expression vector, the extracellular domain of AcPL is PCR amplified using primers containing SalI (5′) and BglII (3′) restriction sites. This purified and digested PCR product then is ligated to SalI/BglII digested pDC412-Cκ to create an in-frame fusion protein linking the soluble portion of AcPL to the constant region of Cκ.

To prepare an AcPL-hIgG1 expression vector the SalI/BglII restriction fragment encoding soluble AcPL is removed from AcPL-cκ and ligated to pDC412-hIgG1 which has been digested with the same restriction enzymes. Since both vectors contain the BglII site in the same reading frame, this will readily generate a fusion between soluble AcPL and hIgG1.

COS-7 cells are transfected with the above described fusion vectors. The cells are cultured and the fusion proteins are collected as described in Example 1.

Example 4

Inhibition of An IL-18 Induced NFκB Activity Cos7 cells were transiently transfected in 12-well plates with 10 ng each of mIL-1Rrp1 and mAcPL expression vectors, and 50 ng of a 3×NFκB-Luciferase reporter plasmid per well. Two days post-transfection, cells were stimulated with 10 ng/ml mIL-18 (purchased from Peprotech) in the presence of increasing amounts of various receptor-Fc fusion proteins. mIL-18 was preincubated with the proteins for 20 min at room temperature prior to addition to cells. The amount of Fc protein was titrated from 1 μg/ml to 50 ug/ml. Cells were stimulated 4 hours, then lysed and luciferase activity was assessed using the Promega Luciferase Assay Reagents.

Preincubation of IL-18 with mIL-1Rrp1-Fc, mIL-1Rrp1-FlagpolyHis, or mAcPL-Fc had no significant effect on induction of NFκB at any of the concentrations tested. In contrast, incubation of IL-18 with a heterogeneous mIL-1Rrp1-Fc+mAcPL-Fc protein mixture (consisting of homodimers of mIL-1Rrp1-Fc, homodimers of mAcPL-Fc, and heterodimeric mIL-1Rrp1-Fc/mAcPL-Fc molecules) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of NFκB induction. Uninduced cells displayed 3×10e3 RLU, and cells stimulated with mIL-18 in the absence of any receptor-Fc protein displayed 25×10e3 RLU. Maximal inhibition of NFκB induction was observed with 20 ug/ml and 50 ug/ml of mIL-1R-rp1-Fc+mAcPL-Fc protein mixture, which resulted in 6×10e3 RLU, representing an 87% inhibition of IL-18 activity.

8 1 2681 DNA Human AcPL CDS (484)..(2283) 1 ctctctggat aggaagaaat atagtagaac cctttgaaaa tggatatttt cacatatttt 60 cgttcagata caaaagctgg cagttactga aataaggact tgaagttcct tcctcttttt 120 ttatgtctta agagcaggaa ataaagagac agctgaaggt gtagccttga ccaactgaaa 180 gggaaatctt catcctctga aaaaacatat gtgattctca aaaaacgcat ctggaaaatt 240 gataaagaag cgattctgta gattctccca gcgctgttgg gctctcaatt ccttctgtga 300 aggacaacat atggtgatgg ggaaatcaga agctttgaga ccctctacac ctggatatga 360 atcccccttc taatacttac cagaaatgaa ggggatactc agggcagagt tctgaatctc 420 aaaacactct actctggcaa aggaatgaag ttattggagt gatgacagga acacgggaga 480 aca atg ctc tgt ttg ggc tgg ata ttt ctt tgg ctt gtt gca gga gag 528 Met Leu Cys Leu Gly Trp Ile Phe Leu Trp Leu Val Ala Gly Glu 1 5 10 15 cga att aaa gga ttt aat att tca ggt tgt tcc aca aaa aaa ctc ctt 576 Arg Ile Lys Gly Phe Asn Ile Ser Gly Cys Ser Thr Lys Lys Leu Leu 20 25 30 tgg aca tat tct aca agg agt gaa gag gaa ttt gtc tta ttt tgt gat 624 Trp Thr Tyr Ser Thr Arg Ser Glu Glu Glu Phe Val Leu Phe Cys Asp 35 40 45 tta cca gag cca cag aaa tca cat ttc tgc cac aga aat cga ctc tca 672 Leu Pro Glu Pro Gln Lys Ser His Phe Cys His Arg Asn Arg Leu Ser 50 55 60 cca aaa caa gtc cct gag cac ctg ccc ttc atg ggt agt aac gac cta 720 Pro Lys Gln Val Pro Glu His Leu Pro Phe Met Gly Ser Asn Asp Leu 65 70 75 tct gat gtc caa tgg tac caa caa cct tcg aat gga gat cca tta gag 768 Ser Asp Val Gln Trp Tyr Gln Gln Pro Ser Asn Gly Asp Pro Leu Glu 80 85 90 95 gac att agg aaa agc tat cct cac atc att cag gac aaa tgt acc ctt 816 Asp Ile Arg Lys Ser Tyr Pro His Ile Ile Gln Asp Lys Cys Thr Leu 100 105 110 cac ttt ttg acc cca ggg gtg aat aat tct ggg tca tat att tgt aga 864 His Phe Leu Thr Pro Gly Val Asn Asn Ser Gly Ser Tyr Ile Cys Arg 115 120 125 ccc aag atg att aag agc ccc tat gat gta gcc tgt tgt gtc aag atg 912 Pro Lys Met Ile Lys Ser Pro Tyr Asp Val Ala Cys Cys Val Lys Met 130 135 140 att tta gaa gtt aag ccc cag aca aat gca tcc tgt gag tat tcc gca 960 Ile Leu Glu Val Lys Pro Gln Thr Asn Ala Ser Cys Glu Tyr Ser Ala 145 150 155 tca cat aag caa gac cta ctt ctt ggg agc act ggc tct att tct tgc 1008 Ser His Lys Gln Asp Leu Leu Leu Gly Ser Thr Gly Ser Ile Ser Cys 160 165 170 175 ccc agt ctc agc tgc caa agt gat gca caa agt cca gcg gta acc tgg 1056 Pro Ser Leu Ser Cys Gln Ser Asp Ala Gln Ser Pro Ala Val Thr Trp 180 185 190 tac aag aat gga aaa ctc ctc tct gtg gaa agg agc aac cga atc gta 1104 Tyr Lys Asn Gly Lys Leu Leu Ser Val Glu Arg Ser Asn Arg Ile Val 195 200 205 gtg gat gaa gtt tat gac tat cac cag ggc aca tat gta tgt gat tac 1152 Val Asp Glu Val Tyr Asp Tyr His Gln Gly Thr Tyr Val Cys Asp Tyr 210 215 220 act cag tcg gat act gtg agt tcg tgg aca gtc aga gct gtt gtt caa 1200 Thr Gln Ser Asp Thr Val Ser Ser Trp Thr Val Arg Ala Val Val Gln 225 230 235 gtg aga acc att gtg gga gac act aaa ctc aaa cca gat att ctg gat 1248 Val Arg Thr Ile Val Gly Asp Thr Lys Leu Lys Pro Asp Ile Leu Asp 240 245 250 255 cct gtc gag gac aca ctg gaa gta gaa ctt gga aag cct tta act att 1296 Pro Val Glu Asp Thr Leu Glu Val Glu Leu Gly Lys Pro Leu Thr Ile 260 265 270 agc tgc aaa gca cga ttt ggc ttt gaa agg gtc ttt aac cct gtc ata 1344 Ser Cys Lys Ala Arg Phe Gly Phe Glu Arg Val Phe Asn Pro Val Ile 275 280 285 aaa tgg tac atc aaa gat tct gac cta gag tgg gaa gtc tca gta cct 1392 Lys Trp Tyr Ile Lys Asp Ser Asp Leu Glu Trp Glu Val Ser Val Pro 290 295 300 gag gcg aaa agt att aaa tcc act tta aag gat gaa atc att gag cgt 1440 Glu Ala Lys Ser Ile Lys Ser Thr Leu Lys Asp Glu Ile Ile Glu Arg 305 310 315 aat atc atc ttg gaa aaa gtc act cag cgt gat ctt cgc agg aag ttt 1488 Asn Ile Ile Leu Glu Lys Val Thr Gln Arg Asp Leu Arg Arg Lys Phe 320 325 330 335 gtt tgc ttt gtc cag aac tcc att gga aac aca acc cag tcc gtc caa 1536 Val Cys Phe Val Gln Asn Ser Ile Gly Asn Thr Thr Gln Ser Val Gln 340 345 350 ctg aaa gaa aag aga gga gtg gtg ctc ctg tac atc ctg ctt ggc acc 1584 Leu Lys Glu Lys Arg Gly Val Val Leu Leu Tyr Ile Leu Leu Gly Thr 355 360 365 atc ggg acc ctg gtg gcc gtg ctg gcg gcg agt gcc ctc ctc tac agg 1632 Ile Gly Thr Leu Val Ala Val Leu Ala Ala Ser Ala Leu Leu Tyr Arg 370 375 380 cac tgg att gaa ata gtg ctg ctg tac cgg acc tac cag agc aag gat 1680 His Trp Ile Glu Ile Val Leu Leu Tyr Arg Thr Tyr Gln Ser Lys Asp 385 390 395 cag acg ctt ggg gat aaa aag gat ttt gat gct ttc gta tcc tat gca 1728 Gln Thr Leu Gly Asp Lys Lys Asp Phe Asp Ala Phe Val Ser Tyr Ala 400 405 410 415 aaa tgg agc tct ttt cca agt gag gcc act tca tct ctg agt gaa gaa 1776 Lys Trp Ser Ser Phe Pro Ser Glu Ala Thr Ser Ser Leu Ser Glu Glu 420 425 430 cac ttg gcc ctg agc cta ttt cct gat gtt tta gaa aac aaa tat gga 1824 His Leu Ala Leu Ser Leu Phe Pro Asp Val Leu Glu Asn Lys Tyr Gly 435 440 445 tat agc ctg tgt ttg ctt gaa aga gat gtg gct cca gga gga gtg tat 1872 Tyr Ser Leu Cys Leu Leu Glu Arg Asp Val Ala Pro Gly Gly Val Tyr 450 455 460 gca gaa gac att gtg agc att att aag aga agc aga aga gga ata ttt 1920 Ala Glu Asp Ile Val Ser Ile Ile Lys Arg Ser Arg Arg Gly Ile Phe 465 470 475 atc ttg agc ccc aac tat gtc aat gga ccc agt atc ttt gaa cta caa 1968 Ile Leu Ser Pro Asn Tyr Val Asn Gly Pro Ser Ile Phe Glu Leu Gln 480 485 490 495 gca gca gtg aat ctt gcc ttg gat gat caa aca ctg aaa ctc att tta 2016 Ala Ala Val Asn Leu Ala Leu Asp Asp Gln Thr Leu Lys Leu Ile Leu 500 505 510 att aag ttc tgt tac ttc caa gag cca gag tct cta cct cat ctc gtg 2064 Ile Lys Phe Cys Tyr Phe Gln Glu Pro Glu Ser Leu Pro His Leu Val 515 520 525 aaa aaa gct ctc agg gtt ttg ccc aca gtt act tgg aga ggc tta aaa 2112 Lys Lys Ala Leu Arg Val Leu Pro Thr Val Thr Trp Arg Gly Leu Lys 530 535 540 tca gtt cct ccc aat tct agg ttc tgg gcc aaa atg cgc tac cac atg 2160 Ser Val Pro Pro Asn Ser Arg Phe Trp Ala Lys Met Arg Tyr His Met 545 550 555 cct gtg aaa aac tct cag gga ttc acg tgg aac cag ctc aga att acc 2208 Pro Val Lys Asn Ser Gln Gly Phe Thr Trp Asn Gln Leu Arg Ile Thr 560 565 570 575 tct agg att ttt cag tgg aaa gga ctc agt aga aca gaa acc act ggg 2256 Ser Arg Ile Phe Gln Trp Lys Gly Leu Ser Arg Thr Glu Thr Thr Gly 580 585 590 agg agc tcc cag cct aag gaa tgg tga aatgagccct ggagccccct 2303 Arg Ser Ser Gln Pro Lys Glu Trp 595 ccagtccagt ccctgggata gagatgttgc tggacagaac tcacagctct gtgtgtgtgt 2363 gttcaggctg ataggaaatt caaagagtct cctgccagca ccaagcaagc ttgatggaca 2423 atggaatggg attgagactg tggtttagag cctttgattt cctggactgg acagacggcg 2483 agtgaattct ctagaccttg ggtactttca gtacacaaca cccctaagat ttcccagtgg 2543 tccgagcaga atcagaaaat acagctactt ctgccttatg gctagggaac tgtcatgtct 2603 accatgtatt gtacatatga ctttatgtat acttgcaatc aaataaatat tattttatta 2663 gaaaaaaaac cggaattc 2681 2 599 PRT Human AcPL 2 Met Leu Cys Leu Gly Trp Ile Phe Leu Trp Leu Val Ala Gly Glu Arg 1 5 10 15 Ile Lys Gly Phe Asn Ile Ser Gly Cys Ser Thr Lys Lys Leu Leu Trp 20 25 30 Thr Tyr Ser Thr Arg Ser Glu Glu Glu Phe Val Leu Phe Cys Asp Leu 35 40 45 Pro Glu Pro Gln Lys Ser His Phe Cys His Arg Asn Arg Leu Ser Pro 50 55 60 Lys Gln Val Pro Glu His Leu Pro Phe Met Gly Ser Asn Asp Leu Ser 65 70 75 80 Asp Val Gln Trp Tyr Gln Gln Pro Ser Asn Gly Asp Pro Leu Glu Asp 85 90 95 Ile Arg Lys Ser Tyr Pro His Ile Ile Gln Asp Lys Cys Thr Leu His 100 105 110 Phe Leu Thr Pro Gly Val Asn Asn Ser Gly Ser Tyr Ile Cys Arg Pro 115 120 125 Lys Met Ile Lys Ser Pro Tyr Asp Val Ala Cys Cys Val Lys Met Ile 130 135 140 Leu Glu Val Lys Pro Gln Thr Asn Ala Ser Cys Glu Tyr Ser Ala Ser 145 150 155 160 His Lys Gln Asp Leu Leu Leu Gly Ser Thr Gly Ser Ile Ser Cys Pro 165 170 175 Ser Leu Ser Cys Gln Ser Asp Ala Gln Ser Pro Ala Val Thr Trp Tyr 180 185 190 Lys Asn Gly Lys Leu Leu Ser Val Glu Arg Ser Asn Arg Ile Val Val 195 200 205 Asp Glu Val Tyr Asp Tyr His Gln Gly Thr Tyr Val Cys Asp Tyr Thr 210 215 220 Gln Ser Asp Thr Val Ser Ser Trp Thr Val Arg Ala Val Val Gln Val 225 230 235 240 Arg Thr Ile Val Gly Asp Thr Lys Leu Lys Pro Asp Ile Leu Asp Pro 245 250 255 Val Glu Asp Thr Leu Glu Val Glu Leu Gly Lys Pro Leu Thr Ile Ser 260 265 270 Cys Lys Ala Arg Phe Gly Phe Glu Arg Val Phe Asn Pro Val Ile Lys 275 280 285 Trp Tyr Ile Lys Asp Ser Asp Leu Glu Trp Glu Val Ser Val Pro Glu 290 295 300 Ala Lys Ser Ile Lys Ser Thr Leu Lys Asp Glu Ile Ile Glu Arg Asn 305 310 315 320 Ile Ile Leu Glu Lys Val Thr Gln Arg Asp Leu Arg Arg Lys Phe Val 325 330 335 Cys Phe Val Gln Asn Ser Ile Gly Asn Thr Thr Gln Ser Val Gln Leu 340 345 350 Lys Glu Lys Arg Gly Val Val Leu Leu Tyr Ile Leu Leu Gly Thr Ile 355 360 365 Gly Thr Leu Val Ala Val Leu Ala Ala Ser Ala Leu Leu Tyr Arg His 370 375 380 Trp Ile Glu Ile Val Leu Leu Tyr Arg Thr Tyr Gln Ser Lys Asp Gln 385 390 395 400 Thr Leu Gly Asp Lys Lys Asp Phe Asp Ala Phe Val Ser Tyr Ala Lys 405 410 415 Trp Ser Ser Phe Pro Ser Glu Ala Thr Ser Ser Leu Ser Glu Glu His 420 425 430 Leu Ala Leu Ser Leu Phe Pro Asp Val Leu Glu Asn Lys Tyr Gly Tyr 435 440 445 Ser Leu Cys Leu Leu Glu Arg Asp Val Ala Pro Gly Gly Val Tyr Ala 450 455 460 Glu Asp Ile Val Ser Ile Ile Lys Arg Ser Arg Arg Gly Ile Phe Ile 465 470 475 480 Leu Ser Pro Asn Tyr Val Asn Gly Pro Ser Ile Phe Glu Leu Gln Ala 485 490 495 Ala Val Asn Leu Ala Leu Asp Asp Gln Thr Leu Lys Leu Ile Leu Ile 500 505 510 Lys Phe Cys Tyr Phe Gln Glu Pro Glu Ser Leu Pro His Leu Val Lys 515 520 525 Lys Ala Leu Arg Val Leu Pro Thr Val Thr Trp Arg Gly Leu Lys Ser 530 535 540 Val Pro Pro Asn Ser Arg Phe Trp Ala Lys Met Arg Tyr His Met Pro 545 550 555 560 Val Lys Asn Ser Gln Gly Phe Thr Trp Asn Gln Leu Arg Ile Thr Ser 565 570 575 Arg Ile Phe Gln Trp Lys Gly Leu Ser Arg Thr Glu Thr Thr Gly Arg 580 585 590 Ser Ser Gln Pro Lys Glu Trp 595 3 1626 DNA Human IL-1Rrpl CDS (1)..(1626) 3 atg aat tgt aga gaa tta ccc ttg acc ctt tgg gtg ctt ata tct gta 48 Met Asn Cys Arg Glu Leu Pro Leu Thr Leu Trp Val Leu Ile Ser Val 1 5 10 15 agc act gca gaa tct tgt act tca cgt ccc cac att act gtg gtt gaa 96 Ser Thr Ala Glu Ser Cys Thr Ser Arg Pro His Ile Thr Val Val Glu 20 25 30 ggg gaa cct ttc tat ctg aaa cat tgc tcg tgt tca ctt gca cat gag 144 Gly Glu Pro Phe Tyr Leu Lys His Cys Ser Cys Ser Leu Ala His Glu 35 40 45 att gaa aca acc acc aaa agc tgg tac aaa agc agt gga tca cag gaa 192 Ile Glu Thr Thr Thr Lys Ser Trp Tyr Lys Ser Ser Gly Ser Gln Glu 50 55 60 cat gtg gag ctg aac cca agg agt tcc tcg aga att gct ttg cat gat 240 His Val Glu Leu Asn Pro Arg Ser Ser Ser Arg Ile Ala Leu His Asp 65 70 75 80 tgt gtt ttg gag ttt tgg cca gtt gag ttg aat gac aca gga tct tac 288 Cys Val Leu Glu Phe Trp Pro Val Glu Leu Asn Asp Thr Gly Ser Tyr 85 90 95 ttt ttc caa atg aaa aat tat act cag aaa tgg aaa tta aat gtc atc 336 Phe Phe Gln Met Lys Asn Tyr Thr Gln Lys Trp Lys Leu Asn Val Ile 100 105 110 aga aga aat aaa cac agc tgt ttc act gaa aga caa gta act agt aaa 384 Arg Arg Asn Lys His Ser Cys Phe Thr Glu Arg Gln Val Thr Ser Lys 115 120 125 att gtg gaa gtt aaa aaa ttt ttt cag ata acc tgt gaa aac agt tac 432 Ile Val Glu Val Lys Lys Phe Phe Gln Ile Thr Cys Glu Asn Ser Tyr 130 135 140 tat caa aca ctg gtc aac agc aca tca ttg tat aag aac tgt aaa aag 480 Tyr Gln Thr Leu Val Asn Ser Thr Ser Leu Tyr Lys Asn Cys Lys Lys 145 150 155 160 cta cta ctg gag aac aat aaa aac cca acg ata aag aag aac gcc gag 528 Leu Leu Leu Glu Asn Asn Lys Asn Pro Thr Ile Lys Lys Asn Ala Glu 165 170 175 ttt gaa gat cag ggg tat tac tcc tgc gtg cat ttc ctt cat cat aat 576 Phe Glu Asp Gln Gly Tyr Tyr Ser Cys Val His Phe Leu His His Asn 180 185 190 gga aaa cta ttt aat atc acc aaa acc ttc aat ata aca ata gtg gaa 624 Gly Lys Leu Phe Asn Ile Thr Lys Thr Phe Asn Ile Thr Ile Val Glu 195 200 205 gat cgc agt aat ata gtt ccg gtt ctt ctt gga cca aag ctt aac cat 672 Asp Arg Ser Asn Ile Val Pro Val Leu Leu Gly Pro Lys Leu Asn His 210 215 220 gtt gca gtg gaa tta gga aaa aac gta agg ctc aac tgc tct gct ttg 720 Val Ala Val Glu Leu Gly Lys Asn Val Arg Leu Asn Cys Ser Ala Leu 225 230 235 240 ctg aat gaa gag gat gta att tat tgg atg ttt ggg gaa gaa aat gga 768 Leu Asn Glu Glu Asp Val Ile Tyr Trp Met Phe Gly Glu Glu Asn Gly 245 250 255 tcg gat cct aat ata cat gaa gag aaa gaa atg aga att atg act cca 816 Ser Asp Pro Asn Ile His Glu Glu Lys Glu Met Arg Ile Met Thr Pro 260 265 270 gaa ggc aaa tgg cat gct tca aaa gta ttg aga att gaa aat att ggt 864 Glu Gly Lys Trp His Ala Ser Lys Val Leu Arg Ile Glu Asn Ile Gly 275 280 285 gaa agc aat cta aat gtt tta tat aat tgc act gtg gcc agc acg gga 912 Glu Ser Asn Leu Asn Val Leu Tyr Asn Cys Thr Val Ala Ser Thr Gly 290 295 300 ggc aca gac acc aaa agc ttc atc ttg gtg aga aaa gca gac atg gct 960 Gly Thr Asp Thr Lys Ser Phe Ile Leu Val Arg Lys Ala Asp Met Ala 305 310 315 320 gat atc cca ggc cac gtc ttc aca aga gga atg atc ata gct gtt ttg 1008 Asp Ile Pro Gly His Val Phe Thr Arg Gly Met Ile Ile Ala Val Leu 325 330 335 atc ttg gtg gca gta gtg tgc cta gtg act gtg tgt gtc att tat aga 1056 Ile Leu Val Ala Val Val Cys Leu Val Thr Val Cys Val Ile Tyr Arg 340 345 350 gtt gac ttg gtt cta ttt tat aga cat tta acg aga aga gat gaa aca 1104 Val Asp Leu Val Leu Phe Tyr Arg His Leu Thr Arg Arg Asp Glu Thr 355 360 365 tta aca gat gga aaa aca tat gat gct ttt gtg tct tac cta aaa gaa 1152 Leu Thr Asp Gly Lys Thr Tyr Asp Ala Phe Val Ser Tyr Leu Lys Glu 370 375 380 tgc cga cct gaa aat gga gag gag cac acc ttt gct gtg gag att ttg 1200 Cys Arg Pro Glu Asn Gly Glu Glu His Thr Phe Ala Val Glu Ile Leu 385 390 395 400 ccc agg gtg ttg gag aaa cat ttt ggg tat aag tta tgc ata ttt gaa 1248 Pro Arg Val Leu Glu Lys His Phe Gly Tyr Lys Leu Cys Ile Phe Glu 405 410 415 agg gat gta gtg cct gga gga gct gtt gtt gat gaa atc cac tca ctg 1296 Arg Asp Val Val Pro Gly Gly Ala Val Val Asp Glu Ile His Ser Leu 420 425 430 ata gag aaa agc cga aga cta atc att gtc cta agt aaa agt tat atg 1344 Ile Glu Lys Ser Arg Arg Leu Ile Ile Val Leu Ser Lys Ser Tyr Met 435 440 445 tct aat gag gtc agg tat gaa ctt gaa agt gga ctc cat gaa gca ttg 1392 Ser Asn Glu Val Arg Tyr Glu Leu Glu Ser Gly Leu His Glu Ala Leu 450 455 460 gtg gaa aga aaa att aaa ata atc tta att gaa ttt aca cct gtt act 1440 Val Glu Arg Lys Ile Lys Ile Ile Leu Ile Glu Phe Thr Pro Val Thr 465 470 475 480 gac ttc aca ttc ttg ccc caa tca cta aag ctt ttg aaa tct cac aga 1488 Asp Phe Thr Phe Leu Pro Gln Ser Leu Lys Leu Leu Lys Ser His Arg 485 490 495 gtt ctg aag tgg aag gcc gat aaa tct ctt tct tat aac tca agg ttc 1536 Val Leu Lys Trp Lys Ala Asp Lys Ser Leu Ser Tyr Asn Ser Arg Phe 500 505 510 tgg aag aac ctt ctt tac tta atg cct gca aaa aca gtc aag cca ggt 1584 Trp Lys Asn Leu Leu Tyr Leu Met Pro Ala Lys Thr Val Lys Pro Gly 515 520 525 aga gac gaa ccg gaa gtc ttg cct gtt ctt tcc gag tct taa 1626 Arg Asp Glu Pro Glu Val Leu Pro Val Leu Ser Glu Ser 530 535 540 4 541 PRT Human IL-1Rrpl 4 Met Asn Cys Arg Glu Leu Pro Leu Thr Leu Trp Val Leu Ile Ser Val 1 5 10 15 Ser Thr Ala Glu Ser Cys Thr Ser Arg Pro His Ile Thr Val Val Glu 20 25 30 Gly Glu Pro Phe Tyr Leu Lys His Cys Ser Cys Ser Leu Ala His Glu 35 40 45 Ile Glu Thr Thr Thr Lys Ser Trp Tyr Lys Ser Ser Gly Ser Gln Glu 50 55 60 His Val Glu Leu Asn Pro Arg Ser Ser Ser Arg Ile Ala Leu His Asp 65 70 75 80 Cys Val Leu Glu Phe Trp Pro Val Glu Leu Asn Asp Thr Gly Ser Tyr 85 90 95 Phe Phe Gln Met Lys Asn Tyr Thr Gln Lys Trp Lys Leu Asn Val Ile 100 105 110 Arg Arg Asn Lys His Ser Cys Phe Thr Glu Arg Gln Val Thr Ser Lys 115 120 125 Ile Val Glu Val Lys Lys Phe Phe Gln Ile Thr Cys Glu Asn Ser Tyr 130 135 140 Tyr Gln Thr Leu Val Asn Ser Thr Ser Leu Tyr Lys Asn Cys Lys Lys 145 150 155 160 Leu Leu Leu Glu Asn Asn Lys Asn Pro Thr Ile Lys Lys Asn Ala Glu 165 170 175 Phe Glu Asp Gln Gly Tyr Tyr Ser Cys Val His Phe Leu His His Asn 180 185 190 Gly Lys Leu Phe Asn Ile Thr Lys Thr Phe Asn Ile Thr Ile Val Glu 195 200 205 Asp Arg Ser Asn Ile Val Pro Val Leu Leu Gly Pro Lys Leu Asn His 210 215 220 Val Ala Val Glu Leu Gly Lys Asn Val Arg Leu Asn Cys Ser Ala Leu 225 230 235 240 Leu Asn Glu Glu Asp Val Ile Tyr Trp Met Phe Gly Glu Glu Asn Gly 245 250 255 Ser Asp Pro Asn Ile His Glu Glu Lys Glu Met Arg Ile Met Thr Pro 260 265 270 Glu Gly Lys Trp His Ala Ser Lys Val Leu Arg Ile Glu Asn Ile Gly 275 280 285 Glu Ser Asn Leu Asn Val Leu Tyr Asn Cys Thr Val Ala Ser Thr Gly 290 295 300 Gly Thr Asp Thr Lys Ser Phe Ile Leu Val Arg Lys Ala Asp Met Ala 305 310 315 320 Asp Ile Pro Gly His Val Phe Thr Arg Gly Met Ile Ile Ala Val Leu 325 330 335 Ile Leu Val Ala Val Val Cys Leu Val Thr Val Cys Val Ile Tyr Arg 340 345 350 Val Asp Leu Val Leu Phe Tyr Arg His Leu Thr Arg Arg Asp Glu Thr 355 360 365 Leu Thr Asp Gly Lys Thr Tyr Asp Ala Phe Val Ser Tyr Leu Lys Glu 370 375 380 Cys Arg Pro Glu Asn Gly Glu Glu His Thr Phe Ala Val Glu Ile Leu 385 390 395 400 Pro Arg Val Leu Glu Lys His Phe Gly Tyr Lys Leu Cys Ile Phe Glu 405 410 415 Arg Asp Val Val Pro Gly Gly Ala Val Val Asp Glu Ile His Ser Leu 420 425 430 Ile Glu Lys Ser Arg Arg Leu Ile Ile Val Leu Ser Lys Ser Tyr Met 435 440 445 Ser Asn Glu Val Arg Tyr Glu Leu Glu Ser Gly Leu His Glu Ala Leu 450 455 460 Val Glu Arg Lys Ile Lys Ile Ile Leu Ile Glu Phe Thr Pro Val Thr 465 470 475 480 Asp Phe Thr Phe Leu Pro Gln Ser Leu Lys Leu Leu Lys Ser His Arg 485 490 495 Val Leu Lys Trp Lys Ala Asp Lys Ser Leu Ser Tyr Asn Ser Arg Phe 500 505 510 Trp Lys Asn Leu Leu Tyr Leu Met Pro Ala Lys Thr Val Lys Pro Gly 515 520 525 Arg Asp Glu Pro Glu Val Leu Pro Val Leu Ser Glu Ser 530 535 540 5 2481 DNA Murine AcPL CDS (428)..(2272) 5 gcaggcttac tcaccatttc aactaaacct aaccacaacc cctttcttgt caaggaggct 60 ggccagagga cagctttgaa tgctttattt caggagtttt cttccgtgga taaagatgca 120 caagctggca ttcactgaca taaagacttg aatttcttta tttgttgtgt atgtaagagc 180 aggaaacaaa ggaaagagac cttgcagatc ttcagatcat ctcaccggcc tccgacctcc 240 ttctgtagag aaggcgaata gtggtggcaa gatgagaaac tttgaaaccc tcttcctcca 300 gatatgattc tcccttctac tactgaacag aagtgaagag gatgccagag aaagaggttt 360 gcctctctgc actctccaca ctggcgatca gaagtagctg aagccatgac aggagcaaag 420 gggaacc atg ctc tgt ttg ggc tgg gtg ttt ctt tgg ttt gtt gca gga 469 Met Leu Cys Leu Gly Trp Val Phe Leu Trp Phe Val Ala Gly 1 5 10 gag aag acc aca gga ttt aat cat tca gct tgt gcc acc aaa aaa ctt 517 Glu Lys Thr Thr Gly Phe Asn His Ser Ala Cys Ala Thr Lys Lys Leu 15 20 25 30 ctg tgg aca tat tct gca agg ggt gca gag aat ttt gtc cta ttt tgt 565 Leu Trp Thr Tyr Ser Ala Arg Gly Ala Glu Asn Phe Val Leu Phe Cys 35 40 45 gac tta caa gag ctt cag gag caa aaa ttc tcc cat gca agt caa ctg 613 Asp Leu Gln Glu Leu Gln Glu Gln Lys Phe Ser His Ala Ser Gln Leu 50 55 60 tca cca aca caa agt cct gct cac aaa cct tgc agt ggc agt cag aag 661 Ser Pro Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala His Lys Pro Cys Ser Gly Ser Gln Lys 65 70 75 gac cta tct gat gtc cag tgg tac atg caa cct cgg agt gga agt cca 709 Asp Leu Ser Asp Val Gln Trp Tyr Met Gln Pro Arg Ser Gly Ser Pro 80 85 90 cta gag gag atc agt aga aac tct ccc cat atg cag agt gaa ggc atg 757 Leu Glu Glu Ile Ser Arg Asn Ser Pro His Met Gln Ser Glu Gly Met 95 100 105 110 ctg cat ata ttg gcc cca cag acg aac agc att tgg tca tat att tgt 805 Leu His Ile Leu Ala Pro Gln Thr Asn Ser Ile Trp Ser Tyr Ile Cys 115 120 125 aga ccc aga att agg agc ccc cag gat atg gcc tgt tgt atc aag aca 853 Arg Pro Arg Ile Arg Ser Pro Gln Asp Met Ala Cys Cys Ile Lys Thr 130 135 140 gtc tta gaa gtt aag cct cag aga aac gtg tcc tgt ggg aac aca gca 901 Val Leu Glu Val Lys Pro Gln Arg Asn Val Ser Cys Gly Asn Thr Ala 145 150 155 caa gat gaa caa gtc cta ctt ctt ggc agt act ggc tcc att cat tgt 949 Gln Asp Glu Gln Val Leu Leu Leu Gly Ser Thr Gly Ser Ile His Cys 160 165 170 ccc agt ctc agc tgc caa agt gat gta cag agt cca gag atg acc tgg 997 Pro Ser Leu Ser Cys Gln Ser Asp Val Gln Ser Pro Glu Met Thr Trp 175 180 185 190 tac aag gat gga aga cta ctt cct gag cac aag aaa aat cca att gag 1045 Tyr Lys Asp Gly Arg Leu Leu Pro Glu His Lys Lys Asn Pro Ile Glu 195 200 205 atg gca gat att tat gtt ttt aat caa ggc ttg tat gta tgt gat tac 1093 Met Ala Asp Ile Tyr Val Phe Asn Gln Gly Leu Tyr Val Cys Asp Tyr 210 215 220 aca cag tca gat aat gtg agt tcc tgg aca gtc cga gct gtg gtt aaa 1141 Thr Gln Ser Asp Asn Val Ser Ser Trp Thr Val Arg Ala Val Val Lys 225 230 235 gtg aga acc att ggt aag gac atc aat gtg aag ccg gaa att ctg gat 1189 Val Arg Thr Ile Gly Lys Asp Ile Asn Val Lys Pro Glu Ile Leu Asp 240 245 250 ccc att aca gat aca ctg gac gta gag ctt gga aag cct tta act ctc 1237 Pro Ile Thr Asp Thr Leu Asp Val Glu Leu Gly Lys Pro Leu Thr Leu 255 260 265 270 ccc tgc aga gta cag ttt ggc ttc caa aga ctt tca aag cct gtg ata 1285 Pro Cys Arg Val Gln Phe Gly Phe Gln Arg Leu Ser Lys Pro Val Ile 275 280 285 aag tgg tat gtc aaa gaa tct aca cag gag tgg gaa atg tca gta ttt 1333 Lys Trp Tyr Val Lys Glu Ser Thr Gln Glu Trp Glu Met Ser Val Phe 290 295 300 gag gag aaa aga att caa tcc act ttc aag aat gaa gtc att gaa cgt 1381 Glu Glu Lys Arg Ile Gln Ser Thr Phe Lys Asn Glu Val Ile Glu Arg 305 310 315 acc atc ttc ttg aga gaa gtt acc cag aga gat ctc agc aga aag ttt 1429 Thr Ile Phe Leu Arg Glu Val Thr Gln Arg Asp Leu Ser Arg Lys Phe 320 325 330 gtt tgc ttt gcc cag aac tcc att ggg aac aca aca cgg acc ata cgg 1477 Val Cys Phe Ala Gln Asn Ser Ile Gly Asn Thr Thr Arg Thr Ile Arg 335 340 345 350 ctg agg aag aag gaa gag gtg gtg ttt gta tac atc ctt ctc ggc acg 1525 Leu Arg Lys Lys Glu Glu Val Val Phe Val Tyr Ile Leu Leu Gly Thr 355 360 365 gcc ttg atg ctg gtg ggc gtt ctg gtg gca gct gct ttc ctc tac tgg 1573 Ala Leu Met Leu Val Gly Val Leu Val Ala Ala Ala Phe Leu Tyr Trp 370 375 380 tac tgg att gaa gtt gtc ctg ctc tgt cga acc tac aag aac aaa gat 1621 Tyr Trp Ile Glu Val Val Leu Leu Cys Arg Thr Tyr Lys Asn Lys Asp 385 390 395 gag act ctg ggg gat aag aag gaa ttc gat gca ttt gta tcc tac tcg 1669 Glu Thr Leu Gly Asp Lys Lys Glu Phe Asp Ala Phe Val Ser Tyr Ser 400 405 410 aat tgg agc tct cct gag act gac gcc gtg gga tct ctg agt gag gaa 1717 Asn Trp Ser Ser Pro Glu Thr Asp Ala Val Gly Ser Leu Ser Glu Glu 415 420 425 430 cac ctg gct ctg aat ctt ttc ccg gaa gtg cta gaa gac acc tat ggg 1765 His Leu Ala Leu Asn Leu Phe Pro Glu Val Leu Glu Asp Thr Tyr Gly 435 440 445 tac aga ttg tgt ttg ctt gac cga gat gtg acc cca gga gga gtg tat 1813 Tyr Arg Leu Cys Leu Leu Asp Arg Asp Val Thr Pro Gly Gly Val Tyr 450 455 460 gca gat gac att gtg agc atc att aag aaa agc cga aga gga ata ttt 1861 Ala Asp Asp Ile Val Ser Ile Ile Lys Lys Ser Arg Arg Gly Ile Phe 465 470 475 atc ctg agt ccc agc tac ctc aat gga ccc cgt gtc ttt gag cta caa 1909 Ile Leu Ser Pro Ser Tyr Leu Asn Gly Pro Arg Val Phe Glu Leu Gln 480 485 490 gca gca gtg aat ctt gcc ttg gtt gat cag aca ctg aag ttg att tta 1957 Ala Ala Val Asn Leu Ala Leu Val Asp Gln Thr Leu Lys Leu Ile Leu 495 500 505 510 att aag ttc tgt tcc ttc caa gag cca gaa tct ctt cct tac ctt gtc 2005 Ile Lys Phe Cys Ser Phe Gln Glu Pro Glu Ser Leu Pro Tyr Leu Val 515 520 525 aaa aag gct ctg cgg gtt ctc ccc aca gtc aca tgg aaa ggc ttg aag 2053 Lys Lys Ala Leu Arg Val Leu Pro Thr Val Thr Trp Lys Gly Leu Lys 530 535 540 tcg gtc cac gcc agt tcc agg ttc tgg acc caa att cgt tac cac atg 2101 Ser Val His Ala Ser Ser Arg Phe Trp Thr Gln Ile Arg Tyr His Met 545 550 555 cct gtg aag aac tcc aac agg ttt atg ttc aac ggg ctc aga att ttc 2149 Pro Val Lys Asn Ser Asn Arg Phe Met Phe Asn Gly Leu Arg Ile Phe 560 565 570 ctg aag ggc ttt tcc cct gaa aag gac cta gtg aca cag aaa ccc ctg 2197 Leu Lys Gly Phe Ser Pro Glu Lys Asp Leu Val Thr Gln Lys Pro Leu 575 580 585 590 gaa gga atg ccc aag tct ggg aat gac cac gga gct cag aac ctc ctt 2245 Glu Gly Met Pro Lys Ser Gly Asn Asp His Gly Ala Gln Asn Leu Leu 595 600 605 ctc tac agt gac cag aag agg tgc tga tgggtagaac ttgctgtgtg 2292 Leu Tyr Ser Asp Gln Lys Arg Cys 610 gatcaggctg atagaaattg agcctttctg ctctcagtgc caagcaagct tgacaggcag 2352 tggaatgaag cggcatctgt ggttttaggg tctgggttcc tggaacagac acagagcaat 2412 actccagacc tctgccgtgt gcttagcaca catttccctg agagttccca agtagcctga 2472 acagaatca 2481 6 614 PRT Murine AcPL 6 Met Leu Cys Leu Gly Trp Val Phe Leu Trp Phe Val Ala Gly Glu Lys 1 5 10 15 Thr Thr Gly Phe Asn His Ser Ala Cys Ala Thr Lys Lys Leu Leu Trp 20 25 30 Thr Tyr Ser Ala Arg Gly Ala Glu Asn Phe Val Leu Phe Cys Asp Leu 35 40 45 Gln Glu Leu Gln Glu Gln Lys Phe Ser His Ala Ser Gln Leu Ser Pro 50 55 60 Thr Gln Ser Pro Ala His Lys Pro Cys Ser Gly Ser Gln Lys Asp Leu 65 70 75 80 Ser Asp Val Gln Trp Tyr Met Gln Pro Arg Ser Gly Ser Pro Leu Glu 85 90 95 Glu Ile Ser Arg Asn Ser Pro His Met Gln Ser Glu Gly Met Leu His 100 105 110 Ile Leu Ala Pro Gln Thr Asn Ser Ile Trp Ser Tyr Ile Cys Arg Pro 115 120 125 Arg Ile Arg Ser Pro Gln Asp Met Ala Cys Cys Ile Lys Thr Val Leu 130 135 140 Glu Val Lys Pro Gln Arg Asn Val Ser Cys Gly Asn Thr Ala Gln Asp 145 150 155 160 Glu Gln Val Leu Leu Leu Gly Ser Thr Gly Ser Ile His Cys Pro Ser 165 170 175 Leu Ser Cys Gln Ser Asp Val Gln Ser Pro Glu Met Thr Trp Tyr Lys 180 185 190 Asp Gly Arg Leu Leu Pro Glu His Lys Lys Asn Pro Ile Glu Met Ala 195 200 205 Asp Ile Tyr Val Phe Asn Gln Gly Leu Tyr Val Cys Asp Tyr Thr Gln 210 215 220 Ser Asp Asn Val Ser Ser Trp Thr Val Arg Ala Val Val Lys Val Arg 225 230 235 240 Thr Ile Gly Lys Asp Ile Asn Val Lys Pro Glu Ile Leu Asp Pro Ile 245 250 255 Thr Asp Thr Leu Asp Val Glu Leu Gly Lys Pro Leu Thr Leu Pro Cys 260 265 270 Arg Val Gln Phe Gly Phe Gln Arg Leu Ser Lys Pro Val Ile Lys Trp 275 280 285 Tyr Val Lys Glu Ser Thr Gln Glu Trp Glu Met Ser Val Phe Glu Glu 290 295 300 Lys Arg Ile Gln Ser Thr Phe Lys Asn Glu Val Ile Glu Arg Thr Ile 305 310 315 320 Phe Leu Arg Glu Val Thr Gln Arg Asp Leu Ser Arg Lys Phe Val Cys 325 330 335 Phe Ala Gln Asn Ser Ile Gly Asn Thr Thr Arg Thr Ile Arg Leu Arg 340 345 350 Lys Lys Glu Glu Val Val Phe Val Tyr Ile Leu Leu Gly Thr Ala Leu 355 360 365 Met Leu Val Gly Val Leu Val Ala Ala Ala Phe Leu Tyr Trp Tyr Trp 370 375 380 Ile Glu Val Val Leu Leu Cys Arg Thr Tyr Lys Asn Lys Asp Glu Thr 385 390 395 400 Leu Gly Asp Lys Lys Glu Phe Asp Ala Phe Val Ser Tyr Ser Asn Trp 405 410 415 Ser Ser Pro Glu Thr Asp Ala Val Gly Ser Leu Ser Glu Glu His Leu 420 425 430 Ala Leu Asn Leu Phe Pro Glu Val Leu Glu Asp Thr Tyr Gly Tyr Arg 435 440 445 Leu Cys Leu Leu Asp Arg Asp Val Thr Pro Gly Gly Val Tyr Ala Asp 450 455 460 Asp Ile Val Ser Ile Ile Lys Lys Ser Arg Arg Gly Ile Phe Ile Leu 465 470 475 480 Ser Pro Ser Tyr Leu Asn Gly Pro Arg Val Phe Glu Leu Gln Ala Ala 485 490 495 Val Asn Leu Ala Leu Val Asp Gln Thr Leu Lys Leu Ile Leu Ile Lys 500 505 510 Phe Cys Ser Phe Gln Glu Pro Glu Ser Leu Pro Tyr Leu Val Lys Lys 515 520 525 Ala Leu Arg Val Leu Pro Thr Val Thr Trp Lys Gly Leu Lys Ser Val 530 535 540 His Ala Ser Ser Arg Phe Trp Thr Gln Ile Arg Tyr His Met Pro Val 545 550 555 560 Lys Asn Ser Asn Arg Phe Met Phe Asn Gly Leu Arg Ile Phe Leu Lys 565 570 575 Gly Phe Ser Pro Glu Lys Asp Leu Val Thr Gln Lys Pro Leu Glu Gly 580 585 590 Met Pro Lys Ser Gly Asn Asp His Gly Ala Gln Asn Leu Leu Leu Tyr 595 600 605 Ser Asp Gln Lys Arg Cys 610 7 2830 DNA Murine IL-1Rrpl CDS (381)..(1994) 7 tcccagccct ccacctccct acccccggtc gttggcttct tcttcttctt cttctttttt 60 ttttttcctg cgataattct ctggtttgcc aaatctctct aatcaagctc ctggccttgc 120 ctcactgtgc cttccctccc tgtctgttgt cacagttgtg gaccaggagg tatttagtct 180 cacttgctgg gcgaatcctg cttcacagat gtaagcgaag gagaagccac tgcccaggcc 240 tgtgtgtggg ccacctctct gaaggtaagg gcagactctg atgtccagtc ctcactgtct 300 tctgctgtct ggagcaagga gaggaaccac ccacaacgat cctgaaaaca agagatacca 360 ttcaaagtgg aagcctaaac atg cat cat gaa gaa tta atc ttg aca ctc tgc 413 Met His His Glu Glu Leu Ile Leu Thr Leu Cys 1 5 10 att ctc att gtt aaa agt gcc tca aaa agt tgt att cac cga tca caa 461 Ile Leu Ile Val Lys Ser Ala Ser Lys Ser Cys Ile His Arg Ser Gln 15 20 25 att cat gtg gta gag gga gaa cct ttt tat ctg aag cca tgt ggc ata 509 Ile His Val Val Glu Gly Glu Pro Phe Tyr Leu Lys Pro Cys Gly Ile 30 35 40 tct gca cca gtg cac agg aat gaa aca gcc acc atg aga tgg ttc aaa 557 Ser Ala Pro Val His Arg Asn Glu Thr Ala Thr Met Arg Trp Phe Lys 45 50 55 ggc agt gct tca cat gag tat aga gag ctg aac aac aga agc tcg ccc 605 Gly Ser Ala Ser His Glu Tyr Arg Glu Leu Asn Asn Arg Ser Ser Pro 60 65 70 75 aga gtc act ttt cat gat cac acc ttg gaa ttc tgg cca gtt gag atg 653 Arg Val Thr Phe His Asp His Thr Leu Glu Phe Trp Pro Val Glu Met 80 85 90 gag gat gag gga acg tac att tct caa gtc gga aat gat cgt cgc aat 701 Glu Asp Glu Gly Thr Tyr Ile Ser Gln Val Gly Asn Asp Arg Arg Asn 95 100 105 tgg acc tta aat gtc acc aaa aga aac aaa cac agc tgt ttc tct gac 749 Trp Thr Leu Asn Val Thr Lys Arg Asn Lys His Ser Cys Phe Ser Asp 110 115 120 aag ctc gtg aca agc aga gat gtt gaa gtt aac aaa tct ctg cat atc 797 Lys Leu Val Thr Ser Arg Asp Val Glu Val Asn Lys Ser Leu His Ile 125 130 135 act tgt aag aat cct aac tat gaa gag ctg atc cag gac aca tgg ctg 845 Thr Cys Lys Asn Pro Asn Tyr Glu Glu Leu Ile Gln Asp Thr Trp Leu 140 145 150 155 tat aag aac tgt aag gaa ata tcc aaa acc cca agg atc ctg aag gat 893 Tyr Lys Asn Cys Lys Glu Ile Ser Lys Thr Pro Arg Ile Leu Lys Asp 160 165 170 gcc gag ttt gga gat gag ggc tac tac tcc tgc gtg ttt tct gtc cac 941 Ala Glu Phe Gly Asp Glu Gly Tyr Tyr Ser Cys Val Phe Ser Val His 175 180 185 cat aat ggg aca cgg tac aac atc acc aag act gtc aat ata aca gtt 989 His Asn Gly Thr Arg Tyr Asn Ile Thr Lys Thr Val Asn Ile Thr Val 190 195 200 att gaa gga agg agt aaa gta act cca gct att tta gga cca aag tgt 1037 Ile Glu Gly Arg Ser Lys Val Thr Pro Ala Ile Leu Gly Pro Lys Cys 205 210 215 gag aag gtt ggt gta gaa cta gga aag gat gtg gag ttg aac tgc agt 1085 Glu Lys Val Gly Val Glu Leu Gly Lys Asp Val Glu Leu Asn Cys Ser 220 225 230 235 gct tca ttg aat aaa gac gat ctg ttt tat tgg agc atc agg aaa gag 1133 Ala Ser Leu Asn Lys Asp Asp Leu Phe Tyr Trp Ser Ile Arg Lys Glu 240 245 250 gac agc tca gac cct aat gtg caa gaa gac agg aag gag acg aca aca 1181 Asp Ser Ser Asp Pro Asn Val Gln Glu Asp Arg Lys Glu Thr Thr Thr 255 260 265 tgg att tct gaa ggc aaa ctg cat gct tca aaa ata ctg aga ttt cag 1229 Trp Ile Ser Glu Gly Lys Leu His Ala Ser Lys Ile Leu Arg Phe Gln 270 275 280 aaa att act gaa aac tat ctc aat gtt tta tat aat tgc acc gtg gcc 1277 Lys Ile Thr Glu Asn Tyr Leu Asn Val Leu Tyr Asn Cys Thr Val Ala 285 290 295 aac gaa gaa gcc ata gac acc aag agc ttc gtc ttg gtg aga aaa gaa 1325 Asn Glu Glu Ala Ile Asp Thr Lys Ser Phe Val Leu Val Arg Lys Glu 300 305 310 315 ata cct gat atc cca ggc cat gtc ttt aca gga gga gta act gtg ctt 1373 Ile Pro Asp Ile Pro Gly His Val Phe Thr Gly Gly Val Thr Val Leu 320 325 330 gtt ctc gcc tct gtg gca gca gtg tgt ata gtg att ttg tgt gtc att 1421 Val Leu Ala Ser Val Ala Ala Val Cys Ile Val Ile Leu Cys Val Ile 335 340 345 tat aaa gtt gac ttg gtt ctg ttc tat agg cgc ata gcg gaa aga gac 1469 Tyr Lys Val Asp Leu Val Leu Phe Tyr Arg Arg Ile Ala Glu Arg Asp 350 355 360 gag aca cta aca gat ggt aaa aca tat gat gcc ttt gtg tct tac ctg 1517 Glu Thr Leu Thr Asp Gly Lys Thr Tyr Asp Ala Phe Val Ser Tyr Leu 365 370 375 aaa gag tgt cat cct gag aat aaa gaa gag tat act ttt gct gtg gag 1565 Lys Glu Cys His Pro Glu Asn Lys Glu Glu Tyr Thr Phe Ala Val Glu 380 385 390 395 acg tta ccc agg gtc ctg gag aaa cag ttt ggg tat aag tta tgc ata 1613 Thr Leu Pro Arg Val Leu Glu Lys Gln Phe Gly Tyr Lys Leu Cys Ile 400 405 410 ttt gaa aga gat gtg gtg cct ggc gga gct gtt gtc gag gag atc cat 1661 Phe Glu Arg Asp Val Val Pro Gly Gly Ala Val Val Glu Glu Ile His 415 420 425 tca ctg ata gag aaa agc cgg agg cta atc atc gtt ctc agc cag agt 1709 Ser Leu Ile Glu Lys Ser Arg Arg Leu Ile Ile Val Leu Ser Gln Ser 430 435 440 tac ctg act aac gga gcc agg cgt gag ctc gag agt gga ctc cac gaa 1757 Tyr Leu Thr Asn Gly Ala Arg Arg Glu Leu Glu Ser Gly Leu His Glu 445 450 455 gca ctg gta gag agg aag att aag atc atc tta att gag ttt act cca 1805 Ala Leu Val Glu Arg Lys Ile Lys Ile Ile Leu Ile Glu Phe Thr Pro 460 465 470 475 gcc agc aac atc acc ttt ctc ccc ccg tcg ctg aaa ctc ctg aag tcc 1853 Ala Ser Asn Ile Thr Phe Leu Pro Pro Ser Leu Lys Leu Leu Lys Ser 480 485 490 tac aga gtt cta aaa tgg agg gct gac agt ccc tcc atg aac tca agg 1901 Tyr Arg Val Leu Lys Trp Arg Ala Asp Ser Pro Ser Met Asn Ser Arg 495 500 505 ttc tgg aag aat ctt gtt tac ctg atg ccc gca aaa gcc gtc aag cca 1949 Phe Trp Lys Asn Leu Val Tyr Leu Met Pro Ala Lys Ala Val Lys Pro 510 515 520 tgg aga gag gag tcg gag gcg cgg tct gtt ctc tca gca cct tga 1994 Trp Arg Glu Glu Ser Glu Ala Arg Ser Val Leu Ser Ala Pro 525 530 535 gctccagacg agcttgatgt caaaagcaag tgaagcgctg ctagaggtca tgcgtgtgcc 2054 tattcacagc ggtagctgtg gttcaaaagg ctgaattttg tgactatacc ccccactccc 2114 agttaggaga gttgtcatcg ggtcatcaca gatgaaacag agccttggtt gtgatcctga 2174 actcgcagag ggggccttgg gattcacaag aaatcagttt gttattcttt cttcctctgg 2234 agcagtgatt cccaacctgt gggttgtggc ccctttggca aacctttatc tccaaaatag 2294 atgtacgcta tgattcataa ctgtagccaa ctcacagtta caaagtagca acgaaaaaag 2354 ttttatggtt gggggtttca ccacagtgtg aagaactgta ttaaagggtt gaagcattag 2414 gaaggttgag aaccgctggc ctagagctgt ctgcccaaag cttcttgtga ccttgcaagt 2474 gcctgagtga agcaagaata ttctagggaa gtctagagca gagactgtgc tgaacaaaca 2534 cagtagattt taggaaaacc aaaccaaacc aaatgaaagg aaaggaaaca gaaaaaaaaa 2594 caagaagaat ggggattctt aagtaatttt tgtaactcat gacttcatgt gctatttgac 2654 tgacttgaga aaagaaggta aattcattca acatctgctg tcacaacagc tgtgtgtgaa 2714 aacctagcat cagaagagag ttgggagagt ttgagacttc gctttgttct tctatcagcc 2774 aagcttcgac acatgaagtt tattttatat gaaatatatt ttgtattaaa tctgcc 2830 8 537 PRT Murine IL-1Rrpl 8 Met His His Glu Glu Leu Ile Leu Thr Leu Cys Ile Leu Ile Val Lys 1 5 10 15 Ser Ala Ser Lys Ser Cys Ile His Arg Ser Gln Ile His Val Val Glu 20 25 30 Gly Glu Pro Phe Tyr Leu Lys Pro Cys Gly Ile Ser Ala Pro Val His 35 40 45 Arg Asn Glu Thr Ala Thr Met Arg Trp Phe Lys Gly Ser Ala Ser His 50 55 60 Glu Tyr Arg Glu Leu Asn Asn Arg Ser Ser Pro Arg Val Thr Phe His 65 70 75 80 Asp His Thr Leu Glu Phe Trp Pro Val Glu Met Glu Asp Glu Gly Thr 85 90 95 Tyr Ile Ser Gln Val Gly Asn Asp Arg Arg Asn Trp Thr Leu Asn Val 100 105 110 Thr Lys Arg Asn Lys His Ser Cys Phe Ser Asp Lys Leu Val Thr Ser 115 120 125 Arg Asp Val Glu Val Asn Lys Ser Leu His Ile Thr Cys Lys Asn Pro 130 135 140 Asn Tyr Glu Glu Leu Ile Gln Asp Thr Trp Leu Tyr Lys Asn Cys Lys 145 150 155 160 Glu Ile Ser Lys Thr Pro Arg Ile Leu Lys Asp Ala Glu Phe Gly Asp 165 170 175 Glu Gly Tyr Tyr Ser Cys Val Phe Ser Val His His Asn Gly Thr Arg 180 185 190 Tyr Asn Ile Thr Lys Thr Val Asn Ile Thr Val Ile Glu Gly Arg Ser 195 200 205 Lys Val Thr Pro Ala Ile Leu Gly Pro Lys Cys Glu Lys Val Gly Val 210 215 220 Glu Leu Gly Lys Asp Val Glu Leu Asn Cys Ser Ala Ser Leu Asn Lys 225 230 235 240 Asp Asp Leu Phe Tyr Trp Ser Ile Arg Lys Glu Asp Ser Ser Asp Pro 245 250 255 Asn Val Gln Glu Asp Arg Lys Glu Thr Thr Thr Trp Ile Ser Glu Gly 260 265 270 Lys Leu His Ala Ser Lys Ile Leu Arg Phe Gln Lys Ile Thr Glu Asn 275 280 285 Tyr Leu Asn Val Leu Tyr Asn Cys Thr Val Ala Asn Glu Glu Ala Ile 290 295 300 Asp Thr Lys Ser Phe Val Leu Val Arg Lys Glu Ile Pro Asp Ile Pro 305 310 315 320 Gly His Val Phe Thr Gly Gly Val Thr Val Leu Val Leu Ala Ser Val 325 330 335 Ala Ala Val Cys Ile Val Ile Leu Cys Val Ile Tyr Lys Val Asp Leu 340 345 350 Val Leu Phe Tyr Arg Arg Ile Ala Glu Arg Asp Glu Thr Leu Thr Asp 355 360 365 Gly Lys Thr Tyr Asp Ala Phe Val Ser Tyr Leu Lys Glu Cys His Pro 370 375 380 Glu Asn Lys Glu Glu Tyr Thr Phe Ala Val Glu Thr Leu Pro Arg Val 385 390 395 400 Leu Glu Lys Gln Phe Gly Tyr Lys Leu Cys Ile Phe Glu Arg Asp Val 405 410 415 Val Pro Gly Gly Ala Val Val Glu Glu Ile His Ser Leu Ile Glu Lys 420 425 430 Ser Arg Arg Leu Ile Ile Val Leu Ser Gln Ser Tyr Leu Thr Asn Gly 435 440 445 Ala Arg Arg Glu Leu Glu Ser Gly Leu His Glu Ala Leu Val Glu Arg 450 455 460 Lys Ile Lys Ile Ile Leu Ile Glu Phe Thr Pro Ala Ser Asn Ile Thr 465 470 475 480 Phe Leu Pro Pro Ser Leu Lys Leu Leu Lys Ser Tyr Arg Val Leu Lys 485 490 495 Trp Arg Ala Asp Ser Pro Ser Met Asn Ser Arg Phe Trp Lys Asn Leu 500 505 510 Val Tyr Leu Met Pro Ala Lys Ala Val Lys Pro Trp Arg Glu Glu Ser 515 520 525 Glu Ala Arg Ser Val Leu Ser Ala Pro 530 535 

What is claimed is:
 1. An isolated protein comprising at least one first polypeptide linked to at least one second polypeptide, wherein said first polypeptide binds to IL-18, and further wherein said first polypeptide is encoded by a DNA selected from the group consisting of: a) DNA comprising the coding region of the nucleotide sequence presented in SEQ ID NO:3; b) DNA that is complementary to DNA capable of hybridizing to the DNA of (a) under highly stringent conditions (hybridization at 68° C. followed by washing in 0.1×SSC/0.1% SDS at 63-68° C.); and, c) DNA that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence presented in SEQ ID NO:4; and, wherein said second polypeptide is encoded by a DNA selected from the group consisting of: a′) DNA comprising the coding region of the nucleotide sequence presented in SEQ ID NO:1; b′) DNA that is complementary to DNA capable of hybridizing to the DNA of (a′) under highly stringent conditions (hybridization at 68° C. followed by washing in 0.1×SSC/0.1% SDS at 63-68° C.); and c′) DNA that encodes a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence presented in SEQ ID NO:2, wherein the isolated protein binds IL-18 with an affinity greater than that of the first polypeptide alone.
 2. An isolated protein comprising at least one first polypeptide linked to at least one second polypeptide, wherein said first polypeptide binds to IL-18, and further wherein said first polypeptide is encoded by a DNA selected from the group consisting of: a) DNA encoding a polypeptide comprising amino acids y-329 of SEQ ID NO:4, wherein y represents an integer between and including 1 and 20; and b) DNA that is complementary to DINA capable of hybridizing to the DNA of a) under highly stringent conditions (hybridization at 68° C. followed by washing in 0.1×SSC/0.1% SDS at 63-68° C.); and wherein said second polypeptide is encoded by a DNA selected from the group comprising: a′) DNA encoding a polypeptide comprising amino acids x-356 of SEQ ID NO:2, wherein k is an integer between and including 1 and 15; and b′) DNA that is complementary to DNA capable of hybridizing to the DNA of a′) under highly stringent conditions (hybridization at 68° C. followed by washing in 0.1×SSC/0.1% SDS at 63-68° C.), wherein the isolated protein binds IL-18 with an affinity greater than that of the first polypeptide alone.
 3. An isolated protein comprising at least one first polypeptide linked to at least one second polypeptide, wherein the first polypeptide comprises amino acids 20 through 329 of SEQ ID NO:4 and the second polypeptide comprises amino acids 15 through 356 of SEQ ID NO:2.
 4. The protein according to claim 3 wherein the first polypeptide and the second polypeptide are linked via a peptide linker.
 5. An isolated protein comprising at least one first polypeptide linked to at least one second polypeptide, wherein the second polypeptide comprises a polypeptide that is at least 80% identical to a polypeptide having amino acids x-356 of SEQ ID NO:2, wherein x is an integer between and including 1 and 15; and wherein the first polypeptide binds to IL-18, and further wherein said first polypeptide comprises a polypeptide that is at least 80% identical to a polypeptide having amino acids y-329 of SEQ ID NO:4, wherein y represents an integer between and including 1 and 20; and, further wherein the isolated protein binds IL-18 with an affinity greater than that of the first polypeptide alone.
 6. The protein according to claim 5, wherein the first polypeptide comprises a polypeptide having amino acids y-329 of SEQ ID NO:4, and the second polypeptide comprises a polypeptide having amino acids x-356 of SEQ ID NO:2.
 7. A protein having a formula selected from the group consisting of: R₁-L₁:R₂-L₂, R₂-L₂:R₁-L₁, R₁-L₂:R₂-L₁, R₂-L₁:R₁-L₂, R₁-L₁:R₂-L₂/R₂-L₂:R₁-L₁, and R₁-L₂:R₂-L₁/R₂-L₁:R₁-L₂ wherein L₁ is an immunoglobulin heavy chain fragment; L₂ is an immunoglobulin light chain fragment; : is a linkage between a heavy chain and light chain antibody region; / is a linkage between a light chain and a heavy chain antibody region; and wherein R₂ binds IL-18 and is selected from the group consisting of: a) a polypeptide comprising amino acids y-329 of SEQ ID NO:4, wherein y represents an integer between and including 1 and 20; b) a polypeptide that is at least 90% identical to the polypeptide of a); and c) a fragment of the polypeptide of a); and wherein said R₁ is selected from the group consisting of: a′) a polypeptide comprising amino acids x-356 of SEQ ID NO:2, wherein x represents an integer between and including 1 and 15; b′) a polypeptide that is at least 90% identical to the polypeptide of a′); and c′) a fragment of the polypeptide of a′); wherein the protein binds IL-18 with an affinity greater than that of R₂ alone.
 8. A heterodimeric protein comprising a first fusion polypeptide and a second fusion polypeptide, the first fusion polypeptide comprising an antibody light chain polypeptide attached to the C-terminus of a soluble first polypeptide or a soluble second polypeptide, and the second fusion polypeptide comprising an antibody heavy chain polypeptide attached to the C-terminus of a soluble first polypeptide or a soluble second polypeptide, wherein said first fusion polypeptide is linked to said second fusion polypeptide via disulfide bounds between the heavy chain and light chain polypeptides; and, wherein the soluble first polypeptide binds IL-18 and is selected from the group consisting of: a) polypeptides comprising amino acids y-329 of SEQ ID NO:4, wherein y represents an integer between and including 1 and 20; b) a polypeptide comprising a fragment of a); and wherein the soluble second polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of: a′) polypeptides comprising amino acids x-356 of SEQ ID NO:2, wherein x represents an integer between and including 1 and 15; and b′) a polypeptide comprising a fragment of a′); wherein the soluble first polypeptide in combination with the fragment of a′) binds IL-18 with an affinity greater than that of the soluble first polypeptide alone.
 9. A protein having a formula selected from the group consisting of: R₁-L₁:R₂-L₂, R₂-L₂:R₁-L₁, R₁-L₂:R₂-L₁, R₂-L₁:R₁-L₂, R₁-L₁:R₂-L₂/R₂-L₂:R₁-L₁, and R₁-L₂:R₂-L₁/R₂-L₁:R₁-L₂ wherein L₁ comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain fragment; L₂ comprises an immunoglobulin light chain fragment; R₁ comprises a fragment of SEQ ID NO:2; R₂ comprises a fragment of SEQ ID NO:4; : is a linkage between a heavy chain and light chain antibody region, and / is a linkage between a light chain and a heavy chain antibody region, wherein the fragment of SEQ ID NO:4 binds IL-18, and further wherein the protein binds IL-18 with higher affinity than the fragment of SEQ ID NO:4 alone.
 10. A protein comprising at least one first polypeptide linked to at least one second polypeptide wherein the first polypeptide comprises a fragment of amino acids 1-329 of SEQ ID NO:4 that binds IL-18 and the second polypeptide comprises a fragment of amino acids 1-356 of SEQ ID NO:2, wherein the protein binds IL-18 with a greater affinity than amino acids 1-329 of SEQ ID NO:4 alone.
 11. A host cell genetically engineered to express a protein selected from the group consisting of the protein of claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, claim 5, claim 6, claim 7, claim 8, and claim
 9. 12. The host cell of claim 11, wherein the host cell is a CHO cell.
 13. A process comprising culturing the host cell of claim 11 under conditions that promote expression of the protein.
 14. The process of claim 13 further comprising the step of collecting the protein.
 15. A composition comprising a protein selected from the group consisting of the protein of claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, claims 4, claim 5, claim 6, claim 7, claim 8, and claim
 9. 16. A method for inhibiting the effects of IL-18 comprising administering an effective amount of the composition of claim 15 to a mammal. 